Based on the establishment of node centrality, this study comprehensively considers the optimality of the highway network layout optimization model and develops a highway network layout optimization approach based on comprehensive centrality. Traditional heuristic algorithms often face challenges of falling into local optima and low solution accuracy when solving layout models. Therefore, to enhance the search and developmental capabilities of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), this research introduces a non-linear convergence factor. A case study on the optimization of the highway network layout in the Xi'an metropolitan area validates the rationality of the progressive and refined highway network layout optimization theory and methodology. The comprehensive centrality model for nodes comprehensively reflects the impact of various transportation modes around nodes on their development. This calculation, which avoids the need to determine weights, is more comprehensive and objective. The road network layout combinatorial optimization model developed in this study balances mathematical optimization principles with the rationality of layout configuration. It effectively optimizes the highway network layout to meet the requirements of an increasingly mature highway network layout, thus maximizing the scale benefits and overall efficiency of the network. This provides fresh perspectives and methodologies for highway network layout and enhances the understanding of highway network planning.