Prediction of the removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals by a rapid spectrophotometric method using Rhodamine B in the UV/H2O2 process

Removal of Algae, and Taste and Odor Compounds by a Combination of Plant-Mineral Composite (PMC) Coagulant with UV-AOPs: Laboratory and Pilot Scale Studies

“…The photodegradation experiments were carried out using a bench-scale quasi-collimated beam apparatus [15] equipped with two 11-W low-pressure lamps (Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherland), which primarily emit light at 253.7 nm. A 50 mL geosmin and 2-MIB aliquot was placed in a Petri dish at a depth of about 0.786 cm [15][16][17]. The solution was stirred using a cross-shaped stirring bar with a diameter of 1 cm to ensure that it was homogenously exposed to UV light, and the solution is well mixed in the system.…”

“…The UV transmittance was increased (85 → 4%). This could be explained by the decreased DOC and UV 254 after the PMC process because DOMs are the main water constituents considered in the estimation of •OH scavenging rates in natural waters [16]. Moreover, removal of turbidity could increase the performance of UV based AOPs because turbidity causing particles can act as a 'screen' that reduces the amount of light reaching H 2 O 2 or Cl 2 ; therefore, those oxidants do not receive sufficient UV photons for •OH production [12].…”

Impacts of Hydrogen Peroxide and Copper Sulfate on the Control of Microcystis aeruginosa and MC-LR and the Inhibition of MC-LR Degrading Bacterium Bacillus sp.

“…In another set of experiments, 0.2 mg·L −1 MC-LR was also spiked. The ensemble was incubated under 2.3 W·m −2 at 25 • C, and the residual OH radicals' concentrations were estimated against a calibration curve plotted in Figure S4 of the Supplementary Information for 8100 s. Equation (2), as presented by Kwon et al (2014) [49], was used for the calculation of residual [·OH]. …”

“…Measurement of residual OH radicals was performed using a spectrophotometric method with Rhodamine B (RhB, Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Riedstr, Germany) as the probe chemical, according to the protocol described by Kwon et al (2014) [49]. Different concentrations of RhB (10 −3 , 0.5 10 −3 , 10 −4 , 0.5 10 −4 , 10 −5 , 10 −6 M) were read for their absorbance at 554 nm (Hach DR-3900, Loveland, CO, USA).…”

The usage of different forms of ferrate (VI) ion for amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin removal: density functional theory based modelling of redox decomposition

“…Pharmaceutical treatment technologies including ozonation, photo‐catalytic degradation and other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been investigated by many researchers . Recently ferrate (VI) has been studied comprehensively, as it could be an alternative to the other AOPs for the removal of pharmaceutical residuals .…”