Prediction of the Secretome and the Surfaceome: A Strategy to Decipher the Crosstalk between Adipose Tissue and Muscle during Fetal Growth

Abstract

Crosstalk between adipose and muscular tissues is hypothesized to regulate the number of muscular and adipose cells during fetal growth, with post-natal consequences on lean and fat masses. Such crosstalk largely remains, however, to be described. We hypothesized that a characterization of the proteomes of adipose and muscular tissues from bovine fetuses may enhance the understanding of the crosstalk between these tissues through the prediction of their secretomes and surfaceomes. Proteomic experiments have identified 751 and 514 proteins in fetal adipose tissue and muscle. These are mainly involved in the regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation, but also in pathways such as apoptosis, Wnt signalling, or cytokine-mediated signalling. Of the identified proteins, 51 adipokines, 11 myokines, and 37 adipomyokines were predicted, together with 26 adipose and 13 muscular cell surface proteins. Analysis of protein–protein interactions suggested 13 links between secreted and cell surface proteins that may contribute to the adipose–muscular crosstalk. Of these, an interaction between the adipokine plasminogen and the muscular cell surface alpha-enolase may regulate the fetal myogenesis. The in silico secretome and surfaceome analyzed herein exemplify a powerful strategy to enhance the elucidation of the crosstalk between cell types or tissues.

Mature adipocytes inhibit differentiation of myogenic cells but stimulate proliferation of fibro-adipogenic precursors derived from trout musclein vitro

“…1g). These results indicated that even as few as 1x10 6 MAs were sufficient to affect both the proliferation and the myogenic differentiation of MMCs.…”

“…The interaction between adipose and muscle tissues has been highlighted in numerous studies in mammals and competition between the growth of both tissues has been reported [1][2][3][4][5][6] . In the postembryonic stage, an increase in adipose tissue mass has a negative effect on muscle mass 7 .…”

Mature adipocytes inhibit differentiation of myogenic cells but stimulate proliferation of fibro-adipogenic precursors derived from trout muscle in vitro

“…The interaction between adipose and muscle tissues has been highlighted in numerous studies in mammals and competition between the growth of both tissues has been reported 1 – 6 . For example, in mouse post-embryonic stage, an increase in adipose tissue mass has a negative effect on muscle mass 7 .…”

The Physiological Role of Irisin in the Regulation of Muscle Glucose Homeostasis

“…The myokine's secretome contains many cytokines that act on various tissues, such as adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and brain [12][13][14][15]. Among them, irisin is a novel myokine produced by the release of the proteolytically cleaved extracellular portion of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) [16].…”