Prediction of the spread of smoke in a huge transit terminal subway station under six different fire scenarios

Gao, Ran; Li, Angui; Hao, Xinpeng; Lei, Wenjun; Deng, Baoshun

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2012.04.013

Cited by 67 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is similar to longitudinal ventilation in tunnels (Gao et al, 2012). Parking garages, however, have a substantially different height-to-width aspect ratio compared to tunnels.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Modeling of Smoke Control in Underground Parking-garage Fires

Alianto¹,

Astari²,

Nareshwara³

et al. 2017

IJTech

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Smoke is the real threat in a fire in an enclosed, underground parking garage, and is a significant issue and very critical for firefighters dealing with fire. Special attention should be paid to fire safety, especially for those with multiple floors underground. A model of the smoke movement in a basement was established using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) 6.0 software. In this paper, the study undertaken used a basement model of 60 m (length) × 30 m (width) × 3 m (height) and has three typical floors. Smoke ventilation shafts were provided for the basement. A well-controlled liquid pool fire with a heat release rate (HRR) of 2 MW was used as an input parameter. The ventilation strategy was achieved through a mechanical exhaust fans and makeup air fans. The required ventilation was based on the air changing ten times per hour. The following parameters were varied: the location of the fire, the presence or absence of sprinklers, the presence or absence of a smoke-extraction system, the presence or absence of openings for incoming air, and the presence or absence of a jet fan and ducting. The impact of jet fans (induction type) was also addressed in several simulations. Smoke modeling was investigated under different fire scenarios. Simulations were conducted for smoke and heat control using forced, mechanical, horizontal ventilation. When the combination of a jet fan and ducting was applied, the fastest time for smoke removal was achieved compared to the other scenarios.

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“…This is similar to longitudinal ventilation in tunnels (Gao et al, 2012). Parking garages, however, have a substantially different height-to-width aspect ratio compared to tunnels.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Modeling of Smoke Control in Underground Parking-garage Fires

Alianto¹,

Astari²,

Nareshwara³

et al. 2017

IJTech

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show abstract

“…For example, vertical walls will result in smoke backflow and increase smoke temperature under the ceiling [249]. Compared to conventional tubular spaces, large atria are beneficial when it comes to ensuring fire safety in subway stations because they can allow smoke and heat to accumulate close to the ceiling and accelerate smoke exhaustion [290,322]. In a subway tunnel, partition blocks installed between two tracks can reduce the airflow effect on one track induced by train motions on the other track and enhance the piston effect [265].…”

Section: Ventilation Mitigation To Improve Environmental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Wen

Leng

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Environmental health in subway stations, a typical type of urban underground space, is becoming increasingly important. Ventilation is the principal measure for optimizing the complex physical environment in a subway station. This paper narratively reviews the environmental and health effects of subway ventilation and discusses the relevant engineering, environmental, and medical aspects in combination. Ventilation exerts a notable dual effect on environmental health in a subway station. On the one hand, ventilation controls temperature, humidity, and indoor air quality to ensure human comfort and health. On the other hand, ventilation also carries the potential risks of spreading air pollutants or fire smoke through the complex wind environment as well as produces continuous noise. Assessment and management of health risks associated with subway ventilation is essential to attain a healthy subway environment. This, however, requires exposure, threshold data, and thereby necessitates more research into long-term effects, and toxicity as well as epidemiological studies. Additionally, more research is needed to further examine the design and maintenance of ventilation systems. An understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and aerodynamic characteristics of various pollutants can help formulate ventilation strategies to reduce pollutant concentrations. Moreover, current comprehensive underground space development affords a possibility for creating flexible spaces that optimize ventilation efficiency, acoustic comfort, and space perception.

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“…In the real case, the utilization of tracer gas measurement is not merely straight pipe, but also tunnels network [19,[32][33][34][35]. This kind of network is assembled in the form of interconnecting tunnels which allow airflow to be separated or rejoined at junction.…”

Section: Simulation Of Tracer Gas Experiments Through Smooth-circular Pipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete Tracer Point Method to Evaluate Turbulent Diffusion in Circular Pipe Flow

Widiatmojo¹,

Sasaki²,

Widodo³

et al. 2013

JFCMV

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Diffusion of a solute in turbulent flows through a circular pipe or tunnel is an important aspect of environmental safety. In this study, the diffusion coefficient of turbulent flow in circular pipe has been simulated by the Discrete Tracer Point Method (DTPM). The DTPM is a Lagrangian numerical method by a number of imaginary point displacement which satisfy turbulent mixing by velocity fluctuations, Reynolds stress, average velocity profile and a turbulent stochastic model. Numerical simulation results of points' distribution by DTPM have been compared with the analytical solution for turbulent plug-flow. For the case of turbulent circular pipe flow, the appropriate DTPM calculation time step has been investigated using a constant β, which represents the ratio between average mixing lengths over diameter of circular pipe. The evaluated values of diffusion coefficient by DTPM have been found to be in good agreement with Taylor's analytical equation for turbulent circular pipe flow by giving β = 0.04 to 0.045. Further, history matching of experimental tracer gas measurement through turbulent smooth-straight pipe flow has been presented and the results showed good agreement.

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Prediction of the spread of smoke in a huge transit terminal subway station under six different fire scenarios

Cited by 67 publications

References 24 publications

Modeling of Smoke Control in Underground Parking-garage Fires

Modeling of Smoke Control in Underground Parking-garage Fires

Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Discrete Tracer Point Method to Evaluate Turbulent Diffusion in Circular Pipe Flow

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