Prediction of the voluntary intake of low quality roughages by sheep from chemical composition and ruminal degradation characteristics

Chermiti, A.; Nefzaoui, A.; Teller, E.; Vanbelle, M.; Ferchichi, Henda; Rokbani, N.

doi:10.1017/s1357729800014314

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As expected, concentrations of OM, NDF, ADF, and CP were considerably different between forages. As a result of differences in chemical composition of forages, DMI and OMI were different between forages, also as expected (Chermiti et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Ruminal microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed forages of varying nutritive value

Karsli

Russell

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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wiU indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI IntroductionIt has been reported that approximately 37 million metric tons of forage protein were consumed by animals to produce an estimated 5.4 million tons of animal protein for human consumption every year in the United States (Pimental et al., 1980). Among animals, ruminants are the predominant forage utilizers (Wedin et al., 1975). Forages provide 83% of the protein requirements of beef cattle and 90% of the protein requirements of sheep (Griffith, 1978).Forage protein serves as a source of metabolizable protein to the ruminant by providing both ruminally degradable protein for microbial growth, and some ruminally undegradable protein for intestinal digestion . Because of rapid and extensive degradauon of forages in the rumen (Brown and Pitman, 1991), escape protein concentrations of forages are usually low . One approach to increase the amount of protein which reaches the small intestine is to improve efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in animals fed forages.Efficiency of microbial growth is dependent on amounts and types of nitrogen and carbohydrate sources of the diet , the feed intake by the animals , as well as the concentrations of trace minerals and vitamins in the diet . Concentrations of nitrogen, fiber fractions and readily fermentable carbohydrates significantly differ between legume and grass species and even within legume 2 and grass species (Brown and Pitman, 1991). Although ruminal nitrogen degradation is extensive, low absolute quantities of ruminally soluble and degradable nitrogen may limit microbial growth in ruminants fed grass diets (Brown and Pitman, 1991). A lack of readily fermentable carbohydrate sources in forage is another limitation for optimal microbial gr...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Furthermore, because of the differences in their chemical composition, DMI (Chermiti et al, 1996) and digesta passage rates differ between cattle fed different forages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminal microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed forages of varying nutritive value

Karsli

Russell

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“…The level of forage intake supports observed palatability (time separating distribution and start of eating) and can be explained by (i) the fact that prior to feeding the waste silage was removed, thus reducing the impact of quality conservation on intake (Dulphy et al, 1990); (ii) sheep were less sensitive than cattle to fermented products (Offer et al, 1998); (iii) the high level of production of sheep used in this trial as they were selected for rapid growth; and (iv) possibly that the local breeds of sheep which are accustomed to graze poor forages for generations, developed an intake capacity so as to consume a sufficient quantity of these feed resources to meet their minimum requirements for maintenance and production. This last hypothesis seems to find confirmation in the data obtained in Tunisia with another breed of local sheep (Chermiti et al, 1996) or the local cross-bred heifers (Chermiti et al, 2000). Thus, the study of intake behaviour of local ruminants, which might present some particularities relative to European breeds, should stir interest of researchers.…”

Section: Feed Compositionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Effects of the nature of nitrogen supplementation on voluntary intake, rumen parameters and ruminal degradation of dry matter in sheep fed oat silage-based diets

Mahouachi¹,

Kayouli

Thewis

et al. 2003

Small Ruminant Research

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The effects of nature of nitrogen supplementation on silage DM intake (SDMI), total DM intake (TDMI), rumen parameters and ruminal degradation of DM of silage and wheat straw were studied using four adult Noire de Thibar rams. Silage was made from predominantly oats harvested at milk stage and ensiled without preservative. The silage was offered ad libitum as the sole diet (OS) or supplemented with 450 g DM of iso-nitrogen (25.6 g/kg DM) and iso-energy (0.8 Unité Fourragère Lait: UFL/kg DM) concentrate containing soybean meal (SBM), urea (UR) or poultry litter (PL) as nitrogen supplements. SDMI (g/kg W 0·75 × day) and TDMI (g/kg W 0 · 75 × day) were affected (P < 0.001) by the type of supplement and averaged 63.9, 60.1, 54.9, 51.1 and 63.9, 81.4, 74.8, 72.2 for OS, SBM, PL and UR diets, respectively. In comparison with other diets, SBM diet systematically decreased (P < 0.05) the pH of the rumen after the morning feeding and reduced the rumen concentration of total VFA at 1 h after feeding. SBM diet decreased DM disappearance of the oat silage incubated in nylon bags for 72 h (P < 0.05), but not of wheat straw. The three supplements increased the ammonia-N concentrations in the rumen for several hours after feeding in comparison with the OS diet. However, only the SBM diet kept this difference just before the next meal. It is concluded that despite its low nutritive value (0.62 UFL and 108 g crude protein/kg DM), the oat silage is well consumed by the local ruminants accustomed to use poor forages for a long time. In Tunisia, poultry litter may be used as a nitrogen source to supplement the oat silage for sheep.

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“…They proposed that voluntary intake is not controlled by any of these The measurement of dry matter voluntary intake components but by the time the forage is retained in (DMI) and in vivo apparent digestibility of dry matter the rumen. However, Chermiti et al (1996), found a DMI and DMD, such as in vitro dry matter high variability of DMI, although the rumen digestibility (IVDMD), neutral-(NDF) and acid-degradable fractions and rate of degradation of hays (ADF) detergent fibre, lignin and crude protein (CP) and straws were not significantly different. The results the most exact method of estimation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The rate and potential extent of digestion will influence, therefore, both digestibility and rumen volume and, hence, voluntary intake. On the other hand, Chermiti et al (1996), found that DMI was Table 4 Prediction equations for dry-matter intake (DMI), digestible dry-matter intake (DDMI) and in vivo dry-matter apparent digestibility (DMD) o/Panicum coloratum by sheep from rumen degradation parameters 5-9 1-4 1-7 2-2 1-6 5-8 1-6 2 1 2-2 1-3 5 1 4 1 4-6 3-6 2-9 R 2 Coefficient of determination. On the other hand, Chermiti et al (1996), found that DMI was Table 4 Prediction equations for dry-matter intake (DMI), digestible dry-matter intake (DDMI) and in vivo dry-matter apparent digestibility (DMD) o/Panicum coloratum by sheep from rumen degradation parameters 5-9 1-4 1-7 2-2 1-6 5-8 1-6 2 1 2-2 1-3 5 1 4 1 4-6 3-6 2-9 R 2 Coefficient of determination.…”

Section: Table 3 Simple Correlation Coefficients Between In Vivo Dry-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of intake and apparent digestibility of kleingrass from in situ parameters measured in sheep

et al. 1998

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The voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of kleingrass (Panicum coloratum cv. Verde) were measured in seven periods, comprising one full year. The forage was offered twice a day ad libitum to seven rams, fitted with faeces collection bags; each experimental period was composed of 8 days for adaptation and 8 days for collection of data. The dry-matter (DM) intake (DMI) varied from 36-1 to 64-9 glkg M 075 , the digestible dry-matter intake (DDMI), from 17-4 to 41-9 glkg M 0 7 5 and the in vivo dry matter apparent digestibility (DMD), from 0-471 to 0-667. Daily samples of offered forage were taken and pooled subsamples from each of the seven periods were incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of three Hereford steers. The data were fitted to the exponential equation: p = a + b (l-er<*) to estimate p (the proportionate loss of DM at time t of incubation); effective degradability (ED) and lag time (L) were also estimated. The parameters obtained in situ were related to the in vivo results by simple and multiple regression. The correlation coefficients of the rate of degradation (c) and ED with DMI, DDMI and DMD were, respectively,[96][97] By including a, b, c and L into a multiple regression analysis, the coefficients of determination (R 2 ) were: DMI: 0-99; DDMI: 0-99 and DMD: 0-91. Within the conditions of this study, the parameters obtained in situ were reasonable estimators of voluntary intake and apparent digestibility.

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Prediction of the voluntary intake of low quality roughages by sheep from chemical composition and ruminal degradation characteristics

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Ruminal microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed forages of varying nutritive value

Ruminal microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed forages of varying nutritive value

Effects of the nature of nitrogen supplementation on voluntary intake, rumen parameters and ruminal degradation of dry matter in sheep fed oat silage-based diets

Estimation of intake and apparent digestibility of kleingrass from in situ parameters measured in sheep

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