Prediction of transmission penalties due to cross-phase modulation in WDM systems using a simplified technique

Investigation of Cross-Phase Modulation-Induced Transmission Penalties Using the Pump-Probe Technique

“…σ XPM reached 0.09 after 5 spans, in good agreement with the results of split-step Fourier simulations. For comparison, the analytical expression P sp ω = P p ω H sp ω [10] was used to estimate σ XPM . As can be seen from Fig 5, the increase of σ XPM is approximately linear with the slope determined by the fiber transfer function (Eq.…”

“…An important question is whether the XPM-induced penalties for a given transmission system can be accurately predicted by measuring or calculating the XPM distortion of a continuous-wave (CW) probe channel induced by an intensity modulated pump channel. Such a simplified approach would allow the calculation of XPM penalties using straightforward analytical expressions, simplifying time consuming computer simulations during system design [9,10]. The work described in this paper addresses this question in the following way.…”

Nonlinear distortion reduction by SPM and XPM chirp cancellation in NZ-DSF based DWDM transmissions

“…XPM has been theoretically and experimentally investigated about its adverse impact in WDM transmission systems [2][3][4]. Many studies have been then followed after the work in the context of dispersion compensation in order to reduce XPM effects in the various WDM link structures [5][6][7][8][9].…”

PMD effect on distributed chromatic dispersion measurements in DSF fibers

“…Nonlinear effects, such as four-wave mixing (FWM) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and cross-phase modulation (XPM) 17,18 , may seriously affect an optical transmission system -even with low chromatic dispersion (CD), for example, in dispersion-shifted fibers (DSF). There are several methods based on either modulation instability, phase-matching of FWM 1-3 , or bidirectional optical-time-domain-reflectometer (OTDR) technique 5,6 for measuring the spatially resolved CD map as a function of fiber length.…”