Governance includes the state, the private sector, and civil society, all of which play an important role in sustained human development. The state constructs a feasible political and legal environment, the private sector creates employment and income opportunities, civil society assists in political and social interaction, and mobilizes various forces to participate in economic, social, and political activities. Vocational education is a product of social development, the development of human civilization, and can also be said to be a product of human self-development. And it is a product of development to a special period. Vocational education benefits society, and society can also benefit from vocational education. Promoting social development is a necessary and sacred duty of vocational education. Building an international cooperation platform for vocational education based on regional advantages, development strategies, pillar industries, and talent needs is a key component of the reform of the vocational education system construction. In this context, how to improve the governance system of vocational undergraduate cooperative education, enhance governance efficiency, and provide internal support for the high-quality development of vocational education has become an urgent problem to be solved. This article is based on Sino foreign cooperative education for vocational undergraduate students, studying the basic connotation, specific characterization, and improvement strategies of governance efficiency, providing theoretical support for building a high-quality Sino foreign cooperative education system for vocational education.