Prediction of water-adulteration within honey by air-line de-embedding waveguide measurements

Hasar, Hafize; Hasar, Uğur Cem; Kaya, Yunus; Öztürk, Hamdullah; Izginli, Mucahit; Özbek, İ. Yücel; Öztaş, Taşkın; Canbolat, Mustafa Yıldırım; Ertuğrul, Mehmet

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109469

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The diode-detector from FMI with model 16180, which works on the principle of square-law, at the end of the setup is used to pick up the transmitted signals . Compared with the setups used in earlier works 20 , 21 , 27 , 28 , 40 , 45 , 47 , the measurement setup in Fig. 2 can be considered to be appreciably less expensive since it does not require any expensive VNA instrument and even any directional couplers as shown in the study 14 .…”

Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microwave techniques applied for adulteration detection within pure honey could be categorized into resonant methods 45 and non-resonant methods 20 , 21 , 27 , 28 , 40 , 47 , 48 . Microwave measurements performed in these studies were implemented by using expensive VNAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, here, we apply the proposed measurement setup, as our second contribution, for detection and quantification of water-adulteration (or aquametry measurements as mentioned before) within pure flower honey samples as case study. Finally, different from earlier works in the studies 27 , 28 , which used one-dimensional fitting procedures, here, we apply a multi-dimensional fitting process, as our third contribution in the present study, for improving the accuracy in quantification of water adulteration within flower honey samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple and inexpensive microwave setup for industrial based applications: Quantification of flower honey adulteration as a case study

Hasar,

Ozturk

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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A simple and inexpensive microwave measurement setup based on measurements of magnitudes of transmission properties ($$|S_{21}|_{\text {dB}}$$ | S 21 | dB ) is proposed for industrial-based microwave aquametry (moisture or water content) applications. An easy-to-apply calibration procedure based on normalization is implemented to eliminate systematic errors in the measurement system. As a case study, we applied this setup for the quantification of water-adulteration in flower honey. After validating this system by distilled water and pure flower honey measurements, $$|S_{21}|_{\text {dB}}$$ | S 21 | dB measurements of the pure flower honey with various adulteration percentages ($$\delta$$ δ ) up to 9% are conducted to examine the performance of the measurement setup for quantification of water adulteration. A multi-dimensional fitting procedure is implemented to predict $$\delta$$ δ using the proposed inexpensive microwave measurement setup. It is shown that it is possible to quantify an adulteration level with an accuracy better than $${\mp } 1$$ ∓ 1 % by the proposed measurement setup and the applied multi-dimensional fitting procedure.

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Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple and inexpensive microwave setup for industrial based applications: Quantification of flower honey adulteration as a case study

Hasar,

Ozturk

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…M ICROWAVE characterization and electromagnetic property extraction have been gaining more attention nowadays due to the attractive features of microwave signals, as compared with other techniques including ultrasound, optic spectroscopy, and chromatography, such as good penetration into nonmetallic structures, resistance to environmental conditions, and instantaneous measurement capability [1]. In recent years, microwave signals have been utilized in various applications ranging from super lens, invisibility cloak [2], 2-D metasurfaces [3], and examination of carbon fiber reinforced concrete structures [4] to adulteration detection within agricultural foods [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Method for Permittivity Determination of Dielectric Samples by Free-Space Measurements

Hasar

Kaya

Öztürk

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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A new deembedding technique is proposed for relative complex permittivity ε r determination of dielectric materials using gated free-space measurements. Its three main features are 1) it does not require any formal calibration procedure (calibration-free); 2) it is position-insensitive; and 3) it extracts ripple-free ε r due to gating process. The objective function derived to determine ε r by the proposed method is validated by free-space measurements of three dielectric samples (polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyoxymethylene). Besides, the accuracy of our method is compared with the accuracy of other calibrationfree and calibration-dependent methods in the literature.

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“…Characterization of materials can be indirectly implemented by measuring permittivity ε r = ε r −iε r , since such a response is an intrinsic property of and thus unique to each material. Sufficient information about such a response of a material can be gained by wideband measurements at microwave frequencies [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11] using the coaxial-line (or waveguide) method, the planar transmission-line method, and the free-space method. Among these methods, the free-space methods are nondestructive, contactless, and applicable for measurements at high temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband, Stable, and Noniterative Dielectric Constant Measurement of Low-Loss Dielectric Slabs Using a Frequency-Domain Free-Space Method

Hasar

Kaya

Öztürk

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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A broadband, stable, and noniterative free-space method is proposed for dielectric constant ε r determination of low-loss dielectric slabs from reflection-only measurements through simple calibration standards (reflect and air). It is applicable for dispersive samples and does not require thickness information. Simulations of nondisperive and dispersive samples are performed to validate our method. Dielectric constant measurements of polyethylene and polyoxymethylene samples (9-11 GHz) are carried out to examine the accuracy of our method.

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Prediction of water-adulteration within honey by air-line de-embedding waveguide measurements

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Simple and inexpensive microwave setup for industrial based applications: Quantification of flower honey adulteration as a case study

Simple and inexpensive microwave setup for industrial based applications: Quantification of flower honey adulteration as a case study

Improved Method for Permittivity Determination of Dielectric Samples by Free-Space Measurements

Broadband, Stable, and Noniterative Dielectric Constant Measurement of Low-Loss Dielectric Slabs Using a Frequency-Domain Free-Space Method

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