“…Accordingly, longer relaxation times correspond to stronger wheat flour doughs, which exhibit less tendency to flow when subjected to strain (more solid-like behavior). As a simple and sufficiently repeatable uniaxial test, stress relaxation has been extensively used by cereal scientists in compressive, tensile, and shear modes with the use of small deformation and large deformation (Bhattacharya, Narasimha, & Bhattacharya, 2006;Chapman, Mulvaney, Chinnaswamy, Rayas-Duarte, & Allvin, 2012;Fu, Chang, & Shiau, 2015;Jondiko et al, 2016;Mastromatteo et al, 2013;McCann & Day, 2013;McCann et al, 2018;Safari-Ardi & Phan-Thien, 1998;Sozer & Dalgic, 2007;Uthayakumaran et al, 2002;Xiao, Charalambides, & Williams, 2007). Safari-Ardi and Phan-Thien (1998) demonstrated that shear stress relaxation at large deformation (strain %1-29%) is more suitable than that at small deformation (strain ≤0.1%) for the purpose of screening wheat varieties based on their gluten strength.…”