Prediction of whelping date in large and giant canine breeds by ultrasonography foetal biometry

Alonge, S.; Beccaglia, M.; Melandri, Monica; Luvoni, G.C.

doi:10.1111/jsap.12534

Cited by 27 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Among several ultrasonographic parameters, the inner chorionic cavity diameter (ICC) and the biparietal diameter (BP) have provided a highly accurate prediction in different weight and breeds of dogs (Alonge, Beccaglia, Melandri, & Luvoni, ; Beccaglia & Luvoni, ; England, Allen, & Porter, ; Kutzler, Yeager, Mohammed, & Meyers‐Wallen, ; Luvoni & Grioni, ; Socha & Janowski, ; Yeager, Mohammed, Meyers‐Wallen, Vannerson, & Concannon, ). ICC measurements can be taken from implantation to approximately 27–25 days before parturition, whereas in the second half of gestation (<25 days before the delivery) BP is another frequently applied indicator (Beccaglia & Luvoni, ; Luvoni & Grioni, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific fetometric formulas ofICCandBPfor calculating the parturition date in the miniature breeds of canine

Socha

Janowski

2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The aim of this study was to derive the growth curves of the inner chorionic cavity and the biparietal distance in miniature dog breeds by ultrasonographic fetometry and present new specific formulas for prediction of parturition date. In this study, foetal biometry parameters were obtained using serial ultrasonographic examinations in 24 pregnant bitches of six different miniature breeds (≤5 kg). The mating time was unknown. Overall, 25 inner chorionic cavity diameter (ICC) and 22 biparietal diameter (BP) measurements were taken. The relationship between ICC or BP growth and days to parturition was analysed by linear regression. The results showed a significant relationship between days before delivery and ICC or BP. The equations derived from the growth curves can be used in practical prediction of parturition date in miniature dog breeds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific fetometric formulas ofICCandBPfor calculating the parturition date in the miniature breeds of canine

Socha

Janowski

2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…During each examination, it was suggested to get at least twice the same extrafoetal or foetal parameter in different foetuses and to calculate the average result to minimize the risk of inconsistent measurements, especially in singleton pregnancies, where more than one parameter has to be taken (Alonge, ; Luvoni & Beccaglia, ). A lower BP accuracy related to the foetuses overgrowth and/or to the consequent gestation length prolongation in small litters of giant dogs was reported (Alonge et al, ; Gavrilovic, Andersson, & Linde Forsberg, ). Moreover, in dogs, litter size and duration of gestation are negatively correlated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Several methods were proposed to detect the day of ovulation, that occurs 2 days after Day 0 of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, on the basis of other correlated events such as the LH surge, directly tested or indirectly estimated by the associated initial rise in progesterone, or the onset of cytological dioestrus (Alonge, ; Alonge, Melandri, Meloni, Morselli, & Luvoni, ; Luvoni & Beccaglia, ). Several authors investigated the gestational age assessment by the use of specific reference formulas of different ultrasonographic foetal biometric parameters to properly identify gestational age also in case when information on the oestrous monitoring is missing (Alonge, Beccaglia, Melandri, & Luvoni, ; Beccaglia, Alonge, Trovò, & Luvoni, ). During the first half of gestation, the most reliable and easiest‐to‐perform parameters to check the gestational age are represented by Inner Chorionic Cavity Diameter (ICC) and Fetal Crown‐rump Length (CRL); afterwards they are featured by Biparietal Diameter (BP) and Body Diameter (BD) (Beccaglia et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour Flow Mapping examination: An useful screening test for the early diagnosis of ductus venosus patency in canine newborns

Melandri

Barella

Aiudi

et al. 2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Ductus venosus (DV) closure plays a key role in hepatic circulation adaptation to postnatal metabolic function, and DV patency might develop a congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS). The noninvasive Color Flow Mapping (CFM) examination, a validated method to diagnose CPSS in adult dogs, is routinely performed to assess DV closure after birth in humans. This study aimed to describe the feasibility of the ultrasonographic evaluation of the DV after birth and to determine its closure time in healthy Great Dane neonates. Patency of DV in serial Color Flow Mapping (CFM) examinations and bodyweight (BW) were recorded on Days 0-3-6-9 in 24 neonates that were classified as having patent (PDV) or closed ductusvenosus (CDV) basing on CFM signal presence/absence. Since the 3rd day, DV diameter was recorded. Data were analysed by ANOVA (p < 0.05). All dogs resulted healthy 1 year later. The number of PDV and CDV puppies at birth was not different on Day 3 (24 and 0 vs. 22 and 2, PDV and CDV, respectively), whereas it resulted different on Days 6 (24 and 0 vs. 14 and 10) and 9 (24 and 0 vs. 0 and 24); on Day 3, it was different compared to Days 6 and 9; on Day 6, it was different from Day 9. Reduction of DV diameter resulted positively related to neonatal BW growth. The CFM evaluation of DV closure after birth in Great Dane puppies represents a feasible technique. Present results suggest the time of functional closure in normal neonates within 9 days after birth. Thus, CFM examination, as an early screening test for DV patency evaluation, performed 10 days after birth, may identify suspicious dogs at risk that would require further investigations. Further studies are needed to deepen the role of a delayed closure in low bodyweight and preterm puppies.

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“…For all the patients enrolled in the study, C-section was planned in view of the health of the mother and the puppies, due to previous history or expected troubles at parturition [32]. Elective Cesarean section was planned based on several parameters, including blood progesterone concentration during estrous and at the end of pregnancy, parturition date forecast by fetal ultrasonographic biometric parameter records, such as the inner chorionic cavity and the biparietal diameter, evaluated in early and late pregnancy, respectively [33,34], fetal well-being according to the fetal/maternal heart rate ratio during pregnancy, and fetal heart rate at term [35]. Concerning the anesthetic protocol for the C-section, no premedication was given, and general anesthesia was induced with alfaxalone 2 mg/kg IV, titrated to effect for oro-tracheal intubation, while maintenance was achieved with isoflurane in oxygen.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinalysis in Great Dane Puppies from Birth to 28 Days of Age

Melandri

Veronesi

Alonge

2020

Animals

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Urinalysis, a common test in infants, could represent a suitable non-invasive clinical tool in puppies. In dog neonates, urine is easily collected by stimulating the somato-vesccal reflex. Information on urine characteristics during the neonatal period is missing. Beside instrumental laboratory analyses, the dipstick was proven useful for rapid urinalysis to evaluate specific gravity (SG), pH, leukocytes, nitrites, glucose, proteins, ketones, urobilinogen, bilirubin, and blood. The present study aimed to describe urinalysis features by the dipstick test and refractometer along the neonatal period. Urine samples (n = 624) were collected by manual stimulation from 48 healthy Great Danes, daily from birth to seven days, then twice a week until 28 days, to assess age-related changes (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and the possible effects of gender and litter (T-test, p < 0.05). The SG and pH significantly changed during the neonatal period. Other parameters did not vary significantly in relation to age. No significant differences were observed either among litters or between genders. The present study confirmed that canine kidneys are able to concentrate urine from the second week of age when the urinary SG started to be similar to adults, while pH still increased towards the typical values of adults at 28 days. Significant glucosuria and proteinuria were never detected. Dipstick urinalysis represents a useful first-line complementary tool in newborns clinical examination, providing information about systemic homeostasis.

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Prediction of whelping date in large and giant canine breeds by ultrasonography foetal biometry

Abstract: Foetal biometry parameters obtained by ultrasonography can be used to predict whelping dates in large and giant dog breeds.

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Specific fetometric formulas ofICCandBPfor calculating the parturition date in the miniature breeds of canine

Specific fetometric formulas ofICCandBPfor calculating the parturition date in the miniature breeds of canine

Colour Flow Mapping examination: An useful screening test for the early diagnosis of ductus venosus patency in canine newborns

Urinalysis in Great Dane Puppies from Birth to 28 Days of Age

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