Predictions and determinants of size-resolved particle infiltration factors in single-family homes in the U.S.

Orch, Zeineb El; Stephens, Brent; Waring, Michael S.

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.01.006

Cited by 73 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…It also confirms that particle dynamics (deposition, penetration) depend on particle size. Similar dependence of F inf with particle size was found in other studies [39,40,51]. correlates the two variables.…”

Section: Infiltration Factor and Comparison With I/o Ratiosupporting

confidence: 88%

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Chatoutsidou

Mašková

Ondráčková

et al. 2015

Building and Environment

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Please cite this article as: Chatoutsidou SE, Mašková L, Ondráčková L, Ondráček J, Lazaridis M, Smolík J, Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague, Building and Environment (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A dynamic mass balance model was introduced taking account particle penetration from outdoors and indoor losses (deposition, ventilation). The model was used to determine deposition rate k and penetration efficiency P in 13 discrete size intervals. Model performance was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) by selecting different pairs of k and P. No unique solution found, thus, averaged values of k and P from the best correlated pairs were used to estimate infiltration factor. Good agreement between infiltration factor and I/O ratio confirmed that modeled k and P were well-estimated. The deposition rate was found to depend strongly on particle size with higher rates for ultrafine and coarse particles. Penetration efficiency, on the other hand, was not clearly related with particle size. The infiltration factor varied substantially with particle size with less effective removal for accumulation fraction (0.1-0.7 µm). Higher infiltration factor for ultrafine particles, compared to coarse particles, indicates that enrichment of the library at this size is caused by penetration from outdoors. On the other hand, human presence during visiting hours found to contribute significantly to coarse particles by increasing the indoor number concentration by a factor of 3, 3.2 and 2 during spring, summer and winter respectively.

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Section: Infiltration Factor and Comparison With I/o Ratiosupporting

confidence: 88%

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Chatoutsidou

Mašková

Ondráčková

et al. 2015

Building and Environment

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“…These data are intended to provide a comparison of the Atmosphere 2018, 9, 85 8 of 15 two calculation approaches that are used for a given ambient distribution, which allows for comparing PM 10 in addition to PM 1 and PM 2.5 for all three ambient distribution sources: ISO rural, ISO urban, and the average from the 194 distributions in Azimi et al (2014) [29]. Assumptions for size-resolved infiltration factors based on typical size-resolved penetration factors, deposition loss rates, and air exchanges rates in US residences (from Azimi et al 2014 [29]) are shown in Figure 6 [27]. Note that the literature on envelope penetration factors in commercial buildings is quite limited, so this analysis is only applicable for a typical US residential building that relies on infiltration alone.…”

Section: How Does the Outdoor-to-indoor Transport Of Ambient Aerosol mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assumptions for size-resolved infiltration factors based on typical size-resolved penetration factors, deposition loss rates, and air exchanges rates in US residences (from Azimi et al 2014 [29]) are shown in Figure 6 [27]. Note that the literature on envelope penetration factors in commercial buildings is quite limited, so this analysis is only applicable for a typical US residential building that relies on infiltration alone.…”

Section: How Does the Outdoor-to-indoor Transport Of Ambient Aerosol mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are no well-defined or standardized definitions of "typical" indoor aerosol distributions, the literature on indoor particle size and/or mass distributions was searched for those studies that used both an SMPS or similar instrument to measure sub-micrometer particles and an APS, OPS, or similar instrument to measure super-micrometer particles Figure 6. Size-resolved infiltration factors assumed in the analysis in Figure 5 [27,29].…”

Section: How Does the Use Of Indoor Aerosol Distributions Affect Estimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of volume distributions necessitates an underlying assumption of spherical particles and constant unit density for volume-based removal efficiencies that yields an equivalent to mass-based removal efficiencies. While these assumptions are not always valid [22][23][24], they are widely used assumptions [25][26][27][28] that have been shown to have only a minimal impact on estimates of mass-based removal efficiency for HVAC filters [29]. Next, filters that are designed to filter primarily PM 1 and PM 2.5 size fractions are assumed to be characterized using the urban volume distribution function, while filters designed to filter primarily PM 10 are assumed to be characterized using the rural volume distribution function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Sensitivity of the Mass-Based Particle Removal Calculations for HVAC Filters in ISO 16890 to Assumptions for Aerosol Distributions

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High efficiency particle air filters are increasingly being recommended for use in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to improve indoor air quality (IAQ). ISO Standard 16890-2016 provides a methodology for approximating mass-based particle removal efficiencies for PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 using size-resolved removal efficiency measurements for 0.3 µm to 10 µm particles. Two historical volume distribution functions for ambient aerosol distributions are assumed to represent ambient air in urban and rural areas globally. The goals of this work are to: (i) review the ambient aerosol distributions used in ISO 16890, (ii) evaluate the sensitivity of the mass-based removal efficiency calculation procedures described in ISO 16890 to various assumptions that are related to indoor and outdoor aerosol distributions, and (iii) recommend several modifications to the standard that can yield more realistic estimates of mass-based removal efficiencies for HVAC filters, and thus provide a more realistic representation of a greater number of building scenarios. The results demonstrate that knowing the PM mass removal efficiency estimated using ISO 16890 is not sufficient to predict the PM mass removal efficiency in all of the environments in which the filter might be used. The main reason for this insufficiency is that the assumptions for aerosol number and volume distributions can substantially impact the results, albeit with some exceptions.

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Indoor Chemistry Modeling of Gas-, Particle-, and Surface-Phase Processes

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Predictions and determinants of size-resolved particle infiltration factors in single-family homes in the U.S.

Cited by 73 publications

References 87 publications

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Evaluating the Sensitivity of the Mass-Based Particle Removal Calculations for HVAC Filters in ISO 16890 to Assumptions for Aerosol Distributions

Indoor Chemistry Modeling of Gas-, Particle-, and Surface-Phase Processes

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