Predictions of Planet Detections with Near-infrared Radial Velocities in the Upcoming SPIRou Legacy Survey-planet Search

Cloutier, Ryan; Artigau, Étienne; Delfosse, X.; Malo, Lison; Moutou, C.; Doyon, René; Donati, J.‐F.; Cumming, Andrew; Dumusque, X.; Hébrard, E.; Menou, Kristen

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaa54e

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…We do not show planets beyond P = 3000 d, as our N-body integration time of 20 Myr is too short to account for their large growth timescales. We also exclude objects smaller than 0.5 R ⊕ , which are not observable with state-of-the-art exoplanet detection techniques (e.g., Dumusque et al 2011;Cloutier et al 2018;Reiners et al 2018;Bryson et al 2020;Trifonov et al 2020). The majority of planets are of terrestrial size and reside on intermediate or wide orbits.…”

Section: Results: Synthetic Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS)

Schlecker

Mordasini

Emsenhuber

et al. 2021

A&A

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Context. Recent observational findings have suggested a positive correlation between the occurrence rates of inner super-Earths and outer giant planets. These results raise the question of whether this trend can be reproduced and explained by planet formation theory. Aims. Here, we investigate the properties of inner super-Earths and outer giant planets that form according to a core accretion scenario. We study the mutual relations between these planet species in synthetic planetary systems and compare them to the observed exoplanet population. Methods. We invoked the Generation 3 Bern model of planet formation and evolution to simulate 1000 multi-planet systems. We then confronted these synthetic systems with the observed sample, taking into account the detection bias that distorts the observed demographics. Results. The formation of warm super-Earths and cold Jupiters in the same system is enhanced compared to the individual appearances, although it is weaker than what has been proposed through observations. We attribute the discrepancy to warm and dynamically active giant planets that frequently disrupt the inner systems, particularly in high-metallicity environments. In general, a joint occurrence of the two planet types requires intermediate solid reservoirs in the originating protoplanetary disk. Furthermore, we find differences in the volatile content of planets in different system architectures and predict that high-density super-Earths are more likely to host an outer giant. This correlation can be tested observationally.

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Section: Results: Synthetic Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS)

Schlecker

Mordasini

Emsenhuber

et al. 2021

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We do not show planets beyond P = 3000 d, as our N-body integration time of 20 Myr is too short to account for their large growth timescales. We also exclude objects smaller than 0.5 R ⊕ , which are not observable with state-of-the-art exoplanet detection techniques (e.g., Dumusque et al 2011;Cloutier et al 2018;Reiners et al 2018;Bryson et al 2019;Trifonov et al 2020). The We exclude planets smaller than 0.5 R ⊕ and with periods beyond 3000 d. The radius frequencies follow a distinct bimodal distribution with the bulk at its low-size end.…”

Section: Occurrence Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). III. Warm super-Earths and cold Jupiters: A weak occurrence correlation, but with a strong architecture-composition link

Schlecker,

Mordasini,

Emsenhuber

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Context. Recent observational findings have suggested a positive correlation between the occurrence rates of inner super-Earths and outer giant planets. These results raise the question if the trend can be reproduced and explained by planet formation theory. Aims. Here, we investigate the properties of inner super-Earths and outer giant planets that form according to the core accretion picture. The aim of this research was to study mutual relations between these planet species in synthetic planet populations and to compare them to the observed exoplanet population. Methods. We invoke the Generation 3 Bern model of planet formation and evolution to simulate 1000 multi-planet systems. We then confront these synthetic systems with the observed sample, taking into account the detection bias that distorts the observed demographics.Results. The formation of warm super-Earths and cold Jupiters in the same system is enhanced compared to the individual appearances, albeit weaker than proposed by observations. We attribute the discrepancy to dynamically active giant planets, which frequently disrupt inner super-Earth systems in the synthetic population. This result could be interpreted as an overestimation of the migration rates predicted by giant planet migration theory. We further find differences in the volatile content of planets in different system architectures and predict that high-density super-Earths are more likely to host an outer giant. This correlation can be tested observationally. Finally, super-Earth occurrence shows a negative correlation with metallicity in giant-hosting systems. The reason for this is that giant planets around high-metallicity stars are frequently dynamically active, which poses a threat to inner planetary systems.

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“…Weiss et al 2013;Rogers 2015;Wolfgang et al 2016) is an important step towards understanding the diversity of exoplanet compositions as well as its use as a tool in predictive studies (e.g. S15; Cloutier et al 2017a, Cloutier et al 2018. For example, consideration of small exoplanets (r p ≤ 4 R ⊕ ) with masses measured to better than 20% revealed that a large fraction of planets with r p 1.6 R ⊕ are rocky with bulk compositions consistent with that of the Earth and Venus .…”

Section: A-priori Estimate Of the 'Best' Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Observational Effort Required for the Radial Velocity Characterization of TESS Planets

Cloutier

Doyon

Bouchy

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite will conduct a 2-year long wide-field survey searching for transiting planets around bright stars. Many TESS discoveries will be amenable to mass characterization via ground-based radial velocity measurements with any of a growing suite of existing and anticipated velocimeters in the optical and near-infrared. In this study we present an analytical formalism to compute the number of radial velocity measurements-and hence the total observing time-required to characterize RV planet masses with the inclusion of either a white or correlated noise activity model. We use our model to calculate the total observing time required to measure all TESS planet masses from the expected TESS planet yield while relying on our current understanding of the targeted stars, stellar activity, and populations of unseen planets which inform the expected radial velocity precision. We also present specialized calculations applicable to a variety of interesting TESS planet subsets including the characterization of 50 planets smaller than 4 Earth radii which is expected to take as little as 60 nights of observation. Although, the efficient RV characterization of such planets requires a-priori knowledge of the 'best' targets which we argue can be identified prior to the conclusion of the TESS planet search based on our calculations. Our results highlight the comparable performance of optical and near-IR spectrographs for most planet populations except for Earths and temperate TESS planets which are more efficiently characterized in the near-IR. Lastly, we present an online tool to the community to compute the total observing times required to detect any transiting planet using a user-defined spectrograph (RVFC).

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Predictions of Planet Detections with Near-infrared Radial Velocities in the Upcoming SPIRou Legacy Survey-planet Search

Cited by 14 publications

References 136 publications

The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS)

The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS)

The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). III. Warm super-Earths and cold Jupiters: A weak occurrence correlation, but with a strong architecture-composition link

Quantifying the Observational Effort Required for the Radial Velocity Characterization of TESS Planets

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