“…Thus far, Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) has found widespread applications in various fields, including the control of robotic systems [8]- [10], energy systems [11], [12], autonomous vehicles [13], the chemical industry [14]- [16], civil engineering [17], and biomedical systems [18], [19]. ADRC has demonstrated its broad value in commercial applications, such as the InstaSPIN-MOTION motor control solution developed by Texas Instruments, which incorporates ADRC for high-performance control [20].…”