Predictive attenuation of touch and tactile gating are distinct perceptual phenomena

Kilteni, Konstantina; Ehrsson, H. Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104077

Cited by 39 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(317 reference statements)

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“…1c, d ). This indicates that self-generated tactile stimuli felt weaker than externally generated stimuli of identical intensity, replicating previous findings 15 , 18 , 24 , 25 , 70 , 71 . When removing the extreme PSE value of one participant (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The psychophysical paradigm was a two-alternative forced-choice force-discrimination task that has been extensively used to assess somatosensory attenuation 15 , 18 , 24 , 25 , 70 , 71 . On each trial, the participants received two taps ( test and comparison taps) on the pulp of their left index fingers, and they had to verbally indicate which felt stronger: the first or the second tap.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The point of subjective equality represents the intensity at which the test tap felt as strong as the comparison tap ( p = 0.5) and quantifies the participants’ perceived intensity of the test tap. Subsequently, somatosensory attenuation is calculated as the difference between the PSEs of the two conditions (PSE external – PSE self ) 15 , 18 , 24 , 25 , 70 , 71 . The just noticeable difference parameter reflects the participants’ sensitivity in the psychophysics task and quantifies their somatosensory precision in each condition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The positive dimension of schizotypy is associated with a reduced attenuation and precision of self-generated touch

2022

Self Cite

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The brain predicts the sensory consequences of our movements and uses these predictions to attenuate the perception of self-generated sensations. Accordingly, self-generated touch feels weaker than an externally generated touch of identical intensity. In schizophrenia, this somatosensory attenuation is substantially reduced, suggesting that patients with positive symptoms fail to accurately predict and process self-generated touch. If an impaired prediction underlies the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, then a similar impairment should exist in healthy nonclinical individuals with high positive schizotypal traits. One hundred healthy participants (53 female), assessed for schizotypal traits, underwent a well-established psychophysics force discrimination task to quantify how they perceived self-generated and externally generated touch. The perceived intensity of tactile stimuli delivered to their left index finger (magnitude) and the ability to discriminate the stimuli (precision) was measured. We observed that higher positive schizotypal traits were associated with reduced somatosensory attenuation and poorer somatosensory precision of self-generated touch, both when treating schizotypy as a continuous or categorical variable. These effects were specific to positive schizotypy and were not observed for the negative or disorganized dimensions of schizotypy. The results suggest that positive schizotypal traits are associated with a reduced ability to predict and process self-generated touch. Given that the positive dimension of schizotypy represents the analogue of positive psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia, deficits in processing self-generated tactile information could indicate increased liability to schizophrenia.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The positive dimension of schizotypy is associated with a reduced attenuation and precision of self-generated touch

2022

Self Cite

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“…Considering this, the functional mechanisms governing sensory suppression of external stimulations are still a matter of debate. Although this phenomenon has been attributed to predictive mechanisms, such as internal forward models ( 31 ), other accounts claim that it stems from an unspecific mechanism, because the probe stimuli used to measure suppression cannot be predicted by an efference copy of the motor command itself ( 22 , 23 ), or because backward masking may generally obscure any sensations on the moving limb ( 1 ). Here, we set out to address the debate on the origin of tactile suppression and show that tactile suppression of externally generated sensations originates from specific sensorimotor predictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, reports of tactile suppression shortly before and during passive movements indicate that peripheral, reafferent signals may also mask the detection of tactile probes ( 20 ), although suppression before active movements may precede the effects observed in passive movements ( 4 , 21 ). The possibility of backward masking mechanisms as well as the fact that the external tactile probes cannot be predicted by an efference copy of the motor command have led to recent claims that the reduced sensitivity on a moving limb is rather caused by general cancellation policies, and tactile suppression of externally generated stimuli is independent of sensorimotor predictions ( 22 , 23 ). Here, we aim to resolve this debate by investigating whether tactile suppression stems from such precise sensorimotor predictions or whether it originates from an unspecific mechanism that leads to a blanket reduction in tactile sensitivity and thus does not distinguish between predicted and unpredicted sensory feedback.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tactile suppression stems from specific sensorimotor predictions

Voudouris

Drewing

2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance Tactile sensations on a moving hand are perceived weaker than when presented on the same but stationary hand. There is an ongoing debate about whether this weaker perception is based on sensorimotor predictions or is due to a blanket reduction in sensitivity. Here, we show greater suppression of sensations matching predicted sensory feedback. This reinforces the idea of precise estimations of future body sensory states suppressing the predicted sensory feedback. Our results shine light on the mechanisms of human sensorimotor control and are relevant for understanding clinical phenomena related to predictive processes.

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Temporal adaptation of sensory attenuation for self-touch

Fritz,

Zimmermann

2023

Exp Brain Res

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The sensory consequences of our actions appear attenuated to us. This effect has been reported for external sensations that are evoked by auditory or visual events and for body-related sensations which are produced by self-touch. In the present study, we investigated the effects of prolonged exposure to a delay between an action and the generated sensation on sensory attenuation for self-touch. Previously, it has been shown that after being presented to a systematic exposure delay, artificially delayed touch can feel more intense and non-delayed touches can appear less intense. Here, we investigated the temporal spread of the temporal recalibration effect. Specifically, we wondered whether this temporal recalibration effect would affect only the delay that was used during exposure trials or if it would also modulate longer test delays. In the first two experiments, we tested three test delays (0, 100 and 400 ms) either in randomized or in blocked order. We found sensory attenuation in all three test intervals but no effect of the exposure delay. In Experiment 3, we replicated the experiment by Kilteni et al. (ELife 8:e42888, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42888) and found evidence for temporal recalibration by exposure delay. Our data show that the temporal selectivity of sensory attenuation of self-touch depends on presenting a singular test delay only. Presenting multiple test delays leads to a temporally broad spread of sensory attenuation.

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Predictive attenuation of touch and tactile gating are distinct perceptual phenomena

Cited by 39 publications

References 125 publications

The positive dimension of schizotypy is associated with a reduced attenuation and precision of self-generated touch

The positive dimension of schizotypy is associated with a reduced attenuation and precision of self-generated touch

Tactile suppression stems from specific sensorimotor predictions

Temporal adaptation of sensory attenuation for self-touch

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