Predictive Biomarkers of Melanoma

Hanly, Ailish; Gibson, Frederick T; Alani, Rhoda M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82639-0_16

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Cyclin-dependent kinase-2a and 2b (CDKN2a-CDKN2b) are located in the INK4 locus on chromosome 9p21 and encode respectively for tumor suppressor p16 and p15, which act as CDK inhibitors, being associated with a predisposition to melanoma [ 38 ]. Germline mutations or deletions resulting in p16 loss have been observed in up to 30% of melanomas and are associated with hereditary melanoma [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. These alterations in the pathway of CDKN2A and Cyclin D1 (CCND1) are hypothesized to play a role in sensitivity to CDK inhibitors [ 42 ].…”

Section: Molecular Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Biomarkers and Druggable Targets in Advanced Melanoma

Ferrucci

Cocorocchio

2021

Cancers

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Immunotherapy with Ipilimumab or antibodies against programmed death (ligand) 1 (anti-PD1/PDL1), targeted therapies with BRAF-inhibitors (anti-BRAF) and their combinations significantly changed melanoma treatment options in both primary, adjuvant and metastatic setting, allowing for a cure, or at least long-term survival, in most patients. However, up to 50% of those with advance or metastatic disease still have no significant benefit from such innovative therapies, and clinicians are not able to discriminate in advance neither who is going to respond and for how long nor who is going to develop collateral effects and which ones. However, druggable targets, as well as affordable and reliable biomarkers are needed to personalize resources at a single-patient level. In this manuscript, different molecules, genes, cells, pathways and even combinatorial algorithms or scores are included in four biomarker chapters (molecular, immunological, peripheral and gut microbiota) and reviewed in order to evaluate their role in indicating a patient’s possible response to treatment or development of toxicities.

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