Predictive correlations for thermal upgrading of petroleum residues

Ghashghaee, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2015.08.013

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, all are categorized in two main pathways: thermal cracking and catalytic cracking. The former is frequently applied in petroleum industries by allocating more than 64% of residue processing technologies to itself, − thanks to its obvious convenience, cost effectiveness, and flexibility to work with. , Although catalytic cracking provides more flexibility with the adjustment of the product slate to some extent, it suffers from immediate deactivation and poisoning of the catalyst due respectively to severe coking and the common presence of impurities in the extra-heavy feedstocks. Therefore, the application of a catalytic cracking process presents a small added value for the one-step upgrading of heavy and even extra-heavy hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Step Thermal Cracking of an Extra-Heavy Fuel Oil: Experimental Evaluation, Characterization, and Kinetics

Ghashghaee

Shirvani

2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This work deals with an efficient two-step thermal upgrading process for converting extra-heavy fuel oil to light olefins (ethylene, propylene, and butenes) and fuels (gasoline and diesel fuel). In the first step, mild thermal pretreatment was implemented at different temperatures (360–440 °C) in the liquid phase to obtain a more suitable feedstock for an olefin production unit. Thanks to this cost-effective pretreatment, the upgraded feedstock demonstrated considerable flowability and crackability compared to the initial fuel oil, making the subsequent vapor-phase operation easier to handle at temperatures as high as 800 °C with no severe operational impediments. The quantitative 1H and 13C NMR studies shed light on the enhanced features of the thermally treated feedstock toward lighter and more valuable products. As a result, remarkable olefin production (74.7 or 55.1 wt % light olefins based on the upgraded or the original feedstock) was accomplished in this two-step process. The process could be alternatively stopped at the first stage for maximum liquid fuels (69.3 wt %) with gasoline as the larger constituent. The detailed kinetic investigations of the thermal decomposition of the feedstock using several reliable approaches revealed that the activation energy predictions (42.3–272.9 kJ/mol) by the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method almost perfectly matched the trend of a reference Starink model over the whole range of conversion. All model-free methods correlated with a coefficient of determination above 97.9%. Avrami’s theory was further applied to determine the reaction order, and the values were slightly smaller than those from a five-lump kinetic model of the semibatch operation. However, the apparent activation barrier in the reactor was in good correspondence with the range from the microscale nonisothermal decomposition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now, several studies have been reported on the thermal processing of heavy hydrocarbons, , their chemistry, , their kinetics, ,− and their economies . Depending upon the type of the desirable products of a thermal cracking process, different reaction conditions are employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Step Thermal Cracking of an Extra-Heavy Fuel Oil: Experimental Evaluation, Characterization, and Kinetics

Ghashghaee

Shirvani

2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…When choosing the most efficient technology, great importance is attached to the hydrocarbon composition and the physicochemical characteristics of the raw materials. In the world, various modifications of the processes (thermal, thermal catalytic and hydrogenation technologies) for processing heavy fractions of oil and high-sulfur fuel oils have been developed [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development<strong> </strong>and Testing of Modified Alumina Catalysts for Hydrotreating Petroleum Gasoline Fraction

Tuktin¹,

Omarova²,

Sassykova³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The oil produced in the oil fields of the Republic of Kazakhstan contains a high percentage of sulfur. Synthesis and improvement of the properties of catalytic systems for the production of fuels with high octane number and low sulfur content is currently an urgent task for Kazakhstan. In this study, catalytic systems with a new composition based on zeolites with the addition of rare-earth metals (E) and phosphorus (P) have been prepared and tested in the process of the catalytic hydrotreating of straight-run gasoline and gasoline of catalytic cracking. In case of NiO-MoO3-E-P-HZSM-HY-Al2O3 catalyst, the octane rating of the gasoline after hydro-processing was increased to 88-90, which is much higher than for other catalysts. The octane number of straight-run gasoline up to 400°C is a maximum of 90 (Research Method) and 83.7 (Motor Method). At the same time, the sulfur content in the resulting gasoline decreases from 0.0088% to 0.0011%. In the case of catalytic cracking gasoline, the sulfur content is reduced from 0.0134% to 0.0012%. The smallest residual sulfur content in the final product, 0.0005% is revealed in case of catalyst CoO-WO3-E-P-HZSM-HY-Al2O3, and it is 2-4 times lower than for catalysts CoO-MoO3-E-P-HZSM-HY-Al2O3 and NiO-MoO3-E-P-HZSM-HY-Al2O3. These amounts of sulfur residue in raw materials is lower than that required by the Euro-5 Standard. The surface of the prepared catalysts was 211.0-274.0 m2/g, diameter of pores d ≈ 1.5-2.5 nm and d ≈ 7.0 nm. The total pore volume of the catalysts was not higher than 0.28-0.41 ml/g. The catalysts developed in this study can be used for hydrotreating raw materials and producing high-octane gasoline with a low sulfur content, corresponding in its characteristics to the Euro-5 Standard.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, a CFD simulation of a delayed coking reactor has not been presented in the literature. Nevertheless numerous simulators based on correlations or statistical models have been shown in the literature; some of the most recognized correlations are Gary & Handwerk (1975); Castiglioni (1983); Maples (2000); Zambrano (2001); Volk, Wisecarver & Sheppard (2002); Pushpalayari (2004) and Ghashghaee (2015). These models provide an estimate of the yield of coke, liquids, and gases and are based on the assumption that the process is at steady state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After a validation with experimental data, they concluded that the correlation of Volk, Wisecarver & Sheppard (2002) provided the higher accurate results as it takes into account not only the properties of the feed but the operating conditions as well. Of course, in this investigation, the correlation of Ghashghaee (2015) was not taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD simulation of a pilot plant delayed coking reactor using an in-house CFD code

Díaz¹,

Chaves–Guerrero²,

Gauthier‐Maradei³

et al. 2017

CT&F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro

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A simulation of a pilot plant delayed coking reactor was performed using an in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The reactor was modeled as a three-phase dynamic system where the coke is the porous solid phase, the vacuum residue the liquid phase and the distillable product the gas phase. Equations of continuity, momentum, and energy proposed to describe the coking dynamic process where discretized employing the finite volume method and the domain was defined by a 2D structured axisymmetric grid. A PEA algorithm was developed to account for the drag between the fluid phases, and a modified SIMPLEC algorithm achieved the pressure-velocity coupling. The CFD simulator was programmed in C++ code for Linux operating system; all the graphics were constructed in ParaView visualization platform. A full run of 12 hours and the cooling of the resulting coke bed for three different vacuum residues were simulated, the results were compared with experimental data and a good agreement was observed, the simulator demonstrated great potential to be scaled up to industrial level.

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Predictive correlations for thermal upgrading of petroleum residues

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Two-Step Thermal Cracking of an Extra-Heavy Fuel Oil: Experimental Evaluation, Characterization, and Kinetics

Two-Step Thermal Cracking of an Extra-Heavy Fuel Oil: Experimental Evaluation, Characterization, and Kinetics

Development<strong> </strong>and Testing of Modified Alumina Catalysts for Hydrotreating Petroleum Gasoline Fraction

CFD simulation of a pilot plant delayed coking reactor using an in-house CFD code

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