Predictive Mathematical Models of Weight Loss

Thomas, Diana M.; Scioletti, Michael; Heymsfield, Steven B.

doi:10.1007/s11892-019-1207-5

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Mathematical models of human metabolism and changes in body weight (and body composition use multi-level/multi-scale analyses that take into account linear and non-linear relationships between individual body components, organs and tissues and between body components and metabolism (including physical activity and metabolic adaptations as well as the determinants of metabolism and related functions [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ];). The applications of mathematical models of metabolism to weight changes suggest that body weight control is based on the relationships between organs, tissues and individual body components rather than on their absolute masses [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is a 2021 Reference Body?

et al. 2022

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The historical 1975 Reference Man is a ‘model’ that had been used as a basis for the calculation of radiation doses, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, sizes for organ transplantation and ergonomic optimizations in the industry, e.g., to plan dimensions of seats and other formats. The 1975 Reference Man was not an average individual of a population; it was based on the multiple characteristics of body compositions that at that time were available, i.e., mainly from autopsy data. Faced with recent technological advances, new mathematical models and socio-demographic changes within populations characterized by an increase in elderly and overweight subjects a timely ‘state-of-the-art’ 2021 Reference Body are needed. To perform this, in vivo human body composition data bases in Kiel, Baton Rouge, San Francisco and Honolulu were analyzed and detailed 2021 Reference Bodies, and they were built for both sexes and two age groups (≤40 yrs and >40 yrs) at BMIs of 20, 25, 30 and 40 kg/m2. We have taken an integrative approach to address ‘structure–structure’ and ‘structure–function’ relationships at the whole-body level using in depth body composition analyses as assessed by gold standard methods, i.e., whole body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and the 4-compartment (4C-) model (based on deuterium dilution, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and body densitometry). In addition, data obtained by a three-dimensional optical scanner were used to assess body shape. The future applications of the 2021 Reference Body relate to mathematical modeling to address complex metabolic processes and pharmacokinetics using a multi-level/multi-scale approach defining health within the contexts of neurohumoral and metabolic control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is a 2021 Reference Body?

et al. 2022

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“…While these techniques are not practical in large sample sizes, they could provide useful insight on the mechanistic underpinnings of energy balance in BCS (and cancer survivors in general) in smaller samples. Other techniques that include repeated measures of body composition and energy expenditure [29,30] or mathematical models [102] may also help quantify energy balance in this population.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review

et al. 2021

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Many breast cancer survivors (BCS) gain fat mass and lose fat-free mass during treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery) and estrogen suppression therapy, which increases the risk of developing comorbidities. Whether these body composition alterations are a result of changes in dietary intake, energy expenditure, or both is unclear. Thus, we reviewed studies that have measured components of energy balance in BCS who have completed treatment. Longitudinal studies suggest that BCS reduce self-reported energy intake and increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Although some evidence suggests that resting metabolic rate is higher in BCS than in age-matched controls, no study has measured total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in this population. Whether physical activity levels are altered in BCS is unclear, but evidence suggests that light-intensity physical activity is lower in BCS compared to age-matched controls. We also discuss the mechanisms through which estrogen suppression may impact energy balance and develop a theoretical framework of dietary intake and TDEE interactions in BCS. Preclinical and human experimental studies indicate that estrogen suppression likely elicits increased energy intake and decreased TDEE, although this has not been systematically investigated in BCS specifically. Estrogen suppression may modulate energy balance via alterations in appetite, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity. There are several potential areas for future mechanistic energetic research in BCS (e.g., characterizing predictors of intervention response, appetite, dynamic changes in energy balance, and differences in cancer sub-types) that would ultimately support the development of more targeted and personalized behavioral interventions.

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“…Having a perception of what to expect after a certain period of reduced energy intake is more than encouraging for participants in the weight loss program [ 25 ]. Decades after Wishnofsky’s equations, different mathematical models were created for predicting expected body mass in a certain time frame based on the law of conservation of energy, and those models differ according to differences in the understanding of what energy consumption entails and what the energy state of the organism entails [ 40 ]. The main requirement of a model is its simplicity and acceptable error [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic Diet Applied in Weight Reduction of Overweight and Obese Individuals with Progress Prediction by Use of the Modified Wishnofsky Equation

2023

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Ketogenic diet is often used as diet therapy for certain diseases, among other things, its positive effect related to weight loss is highlighted. Precisely because of the suggestion that KD can help with weight loss, visceral obesity, and appetite control, 100 respondents joined the weight loss program (of which 31% were men and 69% were women). The aforementioned respondents were interviewed in order to determine their eating habits, the amount of food consumed, and the time when they consume meals. Basic anthropometric data (body height, body mass, chest, waist, hips, biceps, and thigh circumferences) were also collected, in order to be able to monitor their progress during the different phases of the ketogenic diet. Important information is the expected body mass during the time frame of a certain keto diet phase. This information is important for the nutritionist, medical doctor, as well as for the participant in the reduced diet program; therefore, the model was developed that modified the original equation according to Wishnofsky. The results show that women lost an average of 22.7 kg (average number of days in the program 79.5), and for men the average weight loss was slightly higher, 29.7 kg (with an average of 76.8 days in the program). The prediction of expected body mass by the modified Wishnofsky’s equation was extremely well aligned with the experimental values, as shown by the Bland-Altman graph (bias for women 0.021 kg and −0.697 kg for men) and the coefficient of determination of 0.9903. The modification of the Wishnofsky equation further shed light on the importance of controlled energy reduction during the dietetic options of the ketogenic diet.

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Predictive Mathematical Models of Weight Loss

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

What Is a 2021 Reference Body?

What Is a 2021 Reference Body?

Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review

Ketogenic Diet Applied in Weight Reduction of Overweight and Obese Individuals with Progress Prediction by Use of the Modified Wishnofsky Equation

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