“…This methodology was occasionally already applied in the 1980s and 1990s, but has been widely used in recent literature. An extensive list of example studies exploiting this approach is provided in Table 1 , both for microbial growth [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ] and thermal inactivation [ 55 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ], with a focus on early and recent examples. Interestingly, however, this predictive microbiology approach bears some similarities to the traditional challenge testing approach, in which microbial growth/inactivation experiments were also conducted directly in/on the food product of interest [ 5 ].…”