Predictive Value of Serum Interleukins in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Abstract

Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been suggested in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), with conflicting results. This study was performed to identify alteration of different serum interleukins (ILs) in children with INS, and their predictive value in response to steroid treatment.
 Three groups of children (27; steroid-sensitive INS, 21; steroid-resistant INS, and 19 healthy controls) with normal serum C3, negative serologic tests of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immune deficiency virus (HIV), and parasitic infections were included in this study. Serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, and IL-18 were measured, using quantitative colorimetric sandwich ELISA kits. Children with secondary nephrotic syndrome, inflammations, systemic disorders, and chronic kidney disease were excluded.
 The serum concentration of all ILs; except IL-13 and IL-18; was significantly higher in children with INS, compared with the healthy controls. Serum IL-2 had the highest sensitivity of (95.24%) in patients with INS. All of the serum ILs had acceptable accuracy in children with INS, compared with the control group. The serum concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 was significantly higher in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), compared with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). All of these ILs had acceptable accuracy for the prediction of steroid response in patients with INS.
 Our findings suggested the pathogenic role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in children with INS, of which IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were accurate biomarkers for the prediction of steroid response in these patients.

Involvement of Hemopexin in the Pathogenesis of Proteinuria in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

“…In this study no correlation between Hpx and CRP was found, which does not exclude its hepatic synthesis by other inflammatory factors. Indeed, IL-6 levels have been shown to increase in MCD relapse, both in adults and children [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Metabolomic profiles in serum and urine uncover novel biomarkers in children with nephrotic syndrome

“…48 Therefore, a lower level of α-KG in SSNS patients may be linked with a high level of chronic inflammation in SSNS. 49 As α-KG like have a similar molecular, we suggested that α-KG like may have similar function as α-KG.…”

“…It is intriguing to discover that α‐KG promotes a longer, healthier life by reducing chronic inflammation 48 . Therefore, a lower level of α‐KG in SSNS patients may be linked with a high level of chronic inflammation in SSNS 49 . As α‐KG like have a similar molecular, we suggested that α‐KG like may have similar function as α‐KG.…”

Scaffold protein SH3BP2 signalosome is pivotal for immune activation in nephrotic syndrome

“…Further, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines from immune cells may be a third cause of injury to podocytes. Serum cytokines are increased in children with nephrotic syndrome as well as in Sh3bp2 KI/KI mice ( 11 , 12 , 55 – 59 , 70 ). Podocytes express receptors for TNF-α and IL-6, and we reported increased glomerular albumin permeability by TNF-α and IL-6 ( 71 , 72 ).…”