Predictores psicológicos de lesión en jóvenes deportistas / Psychological Predictors of Injury in Young Athletes

Abstract

<p>Resumen:</p><p>En el deporte de competición, una serie de factores fisiológicos, biomecánicos, ambientales y psicológicos interaccionan para provocar la susceptibilidad o un aumento en la vulnerabilidad del deportista a la lesión. Actualmente, se asume la importancia de las variables psicológicas en el origen de la lesión, una serie de investigaciones previas han señalado determinados factores, que podrían predecir las lesiones deportivas. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la influencia de las características psicológicas asociadas al rendimiento deportivo, la ansiedad rasgo competitiva y los estados de ánimo en la ocurrencia de lesiones. Los participantes fueron 115 deportistas integrantes de programas de tecnificación, a los cuales fueron administrados el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva (IPED), Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) y Perfil de Estados de Ánimo (POMS). Posteriormente, se registraron las lesiones durante un período de 10 meses. Los resultados indican que la autoconfianza y la ansiedad rasgo competitiva fueron predictores significativos del número de lesiones. Además, esta relación entre lesiones, ansiedad y autoconfianza se mantuvo cuando se controló el efecto de otras variables. Se discuten estos resultados y se propone una serie de consideraciones a nivel aplicado.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract:</p><p>In competitive sports a number of physiological, biomechanical, environmental and psychological factors interact to cause increased susceptibility or vulnerability to injury. We now better understand the importance of psychological variables in the origin of injuries, a number of previous studies have identified certain factors that could predict sports injuries. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of psychological characteristics associated with athletic performance, competitive trait anxiety and mood in injury occurrence. Participants were 115 athletes, members of specialization programs, who were administered the Psychological Inventory on Athletic Execution (IPED), Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) and Profile of Mood States (POMS). Subsequent lesions were recorded over a period of 10 months. The results indicate that self-confidence and competitive trait anxiety were significant predictors of the number of injuries. Moreover, this relationship between injuries, anxiety and self-confidence is maintained when the effect of other variables is controlled. These results are discussed and a series of considerations at the applied level are proposed.</p><p> </p>

Injury Profile of the Mountain Runner: Gender Comparison

“…In this regard, it appears that there is a positive correlation between the weekly training hours and the race distance in the risk of injury (Vílchez, 2010). Both male and female runners who have trained more hours had a higher injury rate in the six months leading to the event (Rosendo & Puga, 2015).…”

A-trait and risk-taking behavior in predicting injury severity among martial arts athletes

“…It seems that low values on Negative Energy Control and Emotional Stability ( Berengüí-Gil et al, 2013 ), and high scores for Impulsive Sensation Seeking and considering the General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) ( Madzar et al, 2017 ) are increasing the likelihood of being injured in athletes. Not least, Berengüí-Gil and Puga (2015) are talking about competitive trait anxiety (high scores) and self-confidence (low values), as predictors of the number of injuries in athletes (in the total sample: athletics - 33.9%, cycling - 12.2%, freestyle wrestling - 21.7%, canoeing - 16.5% and taekwondo - 15.7%). However, in the above prospective study (over a period of 10 months), the number of lesions were counted and correlated to the investigated variables, without providing clear information considering the injury severity.…”

Psychological Profile in Female Cyclists and Its Relationship with Age, Training Parameters, Sport Performance, and Injury Incidence

“…In addition to its influence on sport performance, the psychological profile is related to the risk of sport injuries and the ability to cope with injuries [ 18 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Previous injury, self-confidence, competitive trait anxiety, and negative coping measures are significant predictors of the number of injuries in young male and female athletes [ 18 , 24 ].…”

“…In addition to its influence on sport performance, the psychological profile is related to the risk of sport injuries and the ability to cope with injuries [ 18 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Previous injury, self-confidence, competitive trait anxiety, and negative coping measures are significant predictors of the number of injuries in young male and female athletes [ 18 , 24 ]. During the recovery process post-injury, athletes with a stronger psychological profile (i.e., higher levels of self-esteem and internal focus of control) show better performance in functional tests, which is a determinant for the athlete’s return to sport [ 22 , 23 ].…”