Predictors for Haemophilus influenzae Colonization, Antibiotic Resistance and for Sharing an Identical Isolate Among Children Attending 16 Licensed Day-Care Centers in Michigan

Barbosa-Cesnik, Cibele; Farjo, Rand S.; Patel, May; Gilsdorf, Janet R.; McCoy, Sandra I.; Pettigrew, Melinda M.; Marrs, Carl F.; Foxman, Betsy

doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000202130.78540.28

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Antibiotic use is known to be a major risk factor for the occurrence of resistant bacteria. Several studies have revealed the potential impact of antibiotic use on the increase in the rate of nasopharyngeal carriage of resistant H. influenzae isolates in children (3,6,28,29,40). In our study, the percentage of children who were under treatment for common infantile inflammatory diseases did not differ between the summer and the winter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…The majority of the resistant isolates in our study were low-BLNAR/BLNAR strains, whereas only three isolates (1.7% of all H. infuenzae isolates) were ␤-lactamase positive. In other countries, BLPAR strains are more prevalent, while BLNAR strains are present at low levels; the rates of carriage of BLPAR and BLNAR strains have been reported to be from 3.7 to 55.3% and 0.9 to 2.8%, respectively, in children attending DCCs or living in orphanages (3,5,28,32). In contrast, converse observations have been documented in Japan (11,13,18,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The rates of H. influenzae carriage in Europe and North America range from 11.7% to 95.0% among children attending DCCs, living in orphanages, or attending schools in various situations (3,5,8,17,18,27,28,31,32,36). Such a wide dispersion may be explained by the fact that the carriage rate is dependent on multiple factors, such as age, season, the size of the facility, antibiotic treatment, morbidity from acute URIs, the sampling technique, and the type of infant feeding (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nasopharyngeal Haemophilus influenzae Carriage in Japanese Children Attending Day-Care Centers

Hashida¹,

Shiomori²,

Hohchi³

et al. 2008

J Clin Microbiol

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We conducted a prospective bacteriological survey to investigate antibiotic resistance-related genetic characteristics and the turnover of nasopharyngeal Haemophilus influenzae carriage in healthy children in day-care centers (DCCs). A total of 363 nasopharyngeal mucus samples were collected from children aged 0 to 6 years attending two DCCs in the summer of 2004 (n ‫؍‬ 184) and the following winter (n ‫؍‬ 179). We obtained 172 H. influenzae isolates and analyzed them by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR for bla TEM-1 and the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) gene, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The overall carriage rate was 47.4% (172/363), and 37.2% of the isolates (64/172) were ampicillin (AMP) resistant. All the resistant isolates had a PBP mutation(s), while only three isolates had TEM-1. The carriage rate was significantly higher in the winter than in the summer (56.4% and 38.6%, respectively), owing to the increase in the numbers of AMP-susceptible H. influenzae isolates in the winter. Children aged <3 years showed a higher rate of carriage of H. influenzae isolates with an AMP resistance gene(s) than those aged >4 years (21.9% and 12.6%, respectively). Forty-two strains with different PFGE patterns were obtained from among the 172 isolates. Only five strains were observed in both seasons. None of the strains isolated in the summer was isolated from the same carrier in the winter. Twenty-seven strains (64.3%) were isolated from two or more children, and 25 of these were each isolated from children belonging to the same DCC. These results indicate the spread of H. influenzae, particularly those with a PBP mutation(s), and the highly vigorous genetic turnover and substantial horizontal transmission of this pathogen in healthy children attending DCCs in Japan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nasopharyngeal Haemophilus influenzae Carriage in Japanese Children Attending Day-Care Centers

Hashida¹,

Shiomori²,

Hohchi³

et al. 2008

J Clin Microbiol

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“…The nasopharynx may be colonized by potential pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis (1,6). The opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is often found in the anterior nares (20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Correlation of Bacterial Colonization Status between Mother and Child: the Generation R Study

et al. 2010

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Determinants of bacterial colonization in children have been described. In the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort study, we determined whether the colonization statuses of mothers and children are correlated. Such a correlation was observed for Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae. Direct transmission, genetic susceptibility and/or unidentified environmental factors may play a role here.

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“…The second step to address the potential effect of antibiotics on NTHi genetic diversity relied on reanalysis of data from the previously reported study of healthy children in day care centers that included an antibiotic history of each child (2,5). A subset of that study's population, 22 children with at least five NTHi isolates collected, were included in the analysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Paired Middle-Ear and Pharyngeal Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Children with Acute Otitis Media

et al. 2007

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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to determine genetic diversities of multiple nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates from throat and ear specimens of eight children with otitis media. From five children, all ear and throat isolates were identical. The bacterial populations in these specimens showed less diversity than populations in throat isolates of healthy children.Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are gram-negative coccobacilli that naturally colonize the pharynges of humans, with carriage rates between 20 and 80% (1,6,8). In addition to colonizing asymptomatically, H. influenzae causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections, such as sinusitis, otitis media (OM), and bronchitis.OM is a common infection of the middle-ear space, experienced by 50 to 85% of children by 3 years of age (3,17). In children, between 30 and 52% of episodes have been attributed to infection with NTHi (4). Previous studies (9,11,13,19) examining single NTHi colonies from each specimen have shown that middle-ear isolates are both genotypically and phenotypically similar to throat isolates obtained from children with OM. Recent studies from our laboratory examining multiple NTHi colonies from each specimen suggest that throat isolates of healthy children attending day care are genetically very diverse; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis found that between 37 and 43% of children were colonized by more than one strain of NTHi (5,16) and that the PFGE patterns of strains varied dramatically from week to week (16).The present study was designed to examine the genetic diversity of colonization and disease-causing NTHi isolates. Simultaneous pharyngeal and middle-ear specimens were collected from six children in Bardstown, KY, and from two children in Pittsburgh, PA, with acute OM; children P6, K8, and K21 had isolates obtained from both ears. A minimum of 5 and no more than 10 H. influenzae isolates were obtained from each specimen. All isolates were suspended in ϳ1 ml of sterile skim milk and stored at Ϫ80°C.Putative H. influenzae isolates were confirmed by growth on brain heart infusion agar (Difco, Detroit, MI) supplemented with X factor (hemin), V factor (NAD), or both (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); by porphyrin testing; and by an isolate's failure to hemolyze horse erythrocytes as determined using the methods of Kilian (12). In addition, each isolate was tested by colony blot analysis with the monoclonal antibody 7F3 for the presence of this epitope of P6 surface antigen (14) and by DNA dot blot hybridization for the immunoglobulin A1 protease gene to distinguish suspected H. influenzae isolates from nonhemolytic Haemophilus haemolyticus (7, 12). All isolates in this study bound to the 7F3 antibody and hybridized with the iga probe, indicating that they are H. influenzae.To examine genetic diversity, all study isolates were characterized by PFGE as previously described (15, 16). The PFGE patterns were first analyzed visually using the criteria of Tenover et al. (18) to determine band differenc...

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Predictors for Haemophilus influenzae Colonization, Antibiotic Resistance and for Sharing an Identical Isolate Among Children Attending 16 Licensed Day-Care Centers in Michigan

Abstract: Although day-care center colonization varied, the overall colonization rate was high. Colonization with nontypable H. influenzae, with beta-lactamase-producing strain and sharing were, mostly, associated with modifiable risk factors.

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Nasopharyngeal Haemophilus influenzae Carriage in Japanese Children Attending Day-Care Centers

Nasopharyngeal Haemophilus influenzae Carriage in Japanese Children Attending Day-Care Centers

Correlation of Bacterial Colonization Status between Mother and Child: the Generation R Study

Genetic Diversity of Paired Middle-Ear and Pharyngeal Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Children with Acute Otitis Media

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