Predictors of abdominal obesity among 31-y-old men and women born in Northern Finland in 1966

Laitinen, Jaana; Pietiläinen, Kirsi H.; Wadsworth, Michael; Sovio, Ulla; Järvelin, Marjo‐Riitta

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601765

Cited by 104 publications

(124 citation statements)

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“…Depression has been found to be associated with socioeconomic status, 27 marital status and family type, 28 chronic somatic diseases, 28 smoking, 28 use of alcohol, 28 physical activity 29,30 and dietary habits. 31 Obesity has also been found to be associated with socioeconomic status, 27 marital status and family type, 32 chronic somatic diseases, 33 smoking, 34 use of alcohol, 35 physical activity 36 and dietary habits. 35 For the longitudinal …”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity and depression: results from the longitudinal Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study

et al. 2005

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Objective: To examine the association between body size and depression in a longitudinal setting and to explore the connection between obesity and depression in young adults at the age of 31 years. Design: This study forms part of the longitudinal Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study (N ¼ 12 058). The follow-up studies were performed at 14 and 31 years. Data were collected by postal inquiry at 14 years and by postal inquiry and clinical examination at 31 years. Subjects: A total of 8451 subjects (4029 men and 4422 women) who gave a written informed consent and information on depression by three depression indicators at 31 years. Measurements: Body size at 14 (body mass index (BMI) and 31 (BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) years and depression at 31 years by three different ways: depressive symptoms by the HSCL-25-depression questionnaire (HSCL-25), the use of antidepressants and self-reported physician-diagnosed depression. Results: Obesity at 14 years associated with depressive symptoms at 31 years; among male subjects using the cutoff point 2.01 in the HSCL-25 (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.97, 95% CI 1.06-3.68), among female subjects using the cutoff point 1.75 (adjusted OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.16-2.32). Female subjects who were obese both at baseline and follow-up had depressive symptoms relatively commonly (adjusted OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06-1.85 at cutoff point 1.75); a similar association was not found among male subjects. The proportion of those who used antidepressants was 2.17-fold higher among female subjects who had gained weight compared to female subjects who had stayed normal-weighted (adjusted OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.28-3.68). In the crosssectional analyses male subjects with abdominal obesity (WHR X85th percentile) had a 1.76-fold risk of depressive symptoms using the cutoff 2.01 in the HSCL-25 (adjusted OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.08-2.88). Abdominally obese male subjects had a 2.07-fold risk for physician-diagnosed depression (adjusted OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.23-3.47) and the proportion of those who used antidepressants was 2.63-fold higher among obese male subjects than among male subjects without abdominal obesity (adjusted OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.33-5.21). Abdominal obesity did not associate with depression in female subjects. Conclusion: Obesity in adolescence may be associated with later depression in young adulthood, abdominal obesity among male subjects may be closely related to concomitant depression, and being overweight/obese both in adolescence and adulthood may be a risk for depression among female subjects.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 Obesity has also been found to be associated with socioeconomic status, 27 marital status and family type, 32 chronic somatic diseases, 33 smoking, 34 use of alcohol, 35 physical activity 36 and dietary habits. 35 For the longitudinal …”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and depression: results from the longitudinal Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study

et al. 2005

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“…An ordinary 6-class variable for diet was constructed according to the questions on the consumption of food (i.e. rich in fiber or high-saturated fats) [29].…”

Section: Dental Health Equation (Caries)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Should we brush twice a day? Determinants of dental health among young adults in Finland

Nguyen¹,

Häkkinen²,

Knuuttila³

et al. 2007

Health Economics

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“…Data on the frequency of consumption of food rich in fibre (such as rye bread, fresh vegetables and salads, berries or fruit) and food rich in high saturated fats (such as sausages) were obtained. From this information, an ordinal sixclass variable was constructed (0 ¼ healthy diet, 5 ¼ unhealthy features of diet) [28]. For the diet variable that is observed on an ordinal scale, we use the LISREL approach of assuming an underlying latent continuous variable that is normally distributed with a zero mean and a standard deviation of one [29].…”

Section: Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of alcohol (grams) consumed per day (continuous variable) was calculated using the average estimates of alcohol content in beer, light wines, wines and spirits [28]. The frequency of smoking (number of cigarettes per day) and exercise (number of minutes of training) were calculated in a similar way using rather detailed questions.…”

Section: Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health, schooling and lifestyle among young adults in Finland

et al. 2006

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SummaryThis was a longitudinal, general population study based on a Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, using a structural equation approach to estimate the health production function and health input functions for four lifestyle variables (smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise and unhealthy diet) for males and females. In particular, we examined the productive and allocative effects of education on health. We used 15D, a generic measure of healthrelated quality of life, as a single index score measure but we also estimated models for some of its dimensions. Among the males, the important factors impacting on health were education and all the four lifestyle factors, as well as some exogenous variables at 31 years and variables describing parents' background, and health and behaviour at 14 years. An increase of five years in schooling increased the health score by 0.008, of which about 50% was due to direct effect and 50% due to indirect effects. Among the females, education does not impact on health, but health was affected by the use of alcohol, exercise and diet, but not by smoking.Our results indicate that policy options that increase education among men will increase their health indirectly via healthier lifestyles. However, since the total effect was rather modest and the direct effect insignificant, an increase of schooling is not a cost-effective way to increase health given the present high educational level of Finland. The young adults' and particularly women's internationally high educational status in Finland might be a reason why we find only a modest effect of schooling on health and the non-existence of such effects among women.

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Predictors of abdominal obesity among 31-y-old men and women born in Northern Finland in 1966

Cited by 104 publications

References 46 publications

Obesity and depression: results from the longitudinal Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study

Obesity and depression: results from the longitudinal Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study

Should we brush twice a day? Determinants of dental health among young adults in Finland

Health, schooling and lifestyle among young adults in Finland

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