Background
First generation students report more symptoms of burnout, depression, and psychological distress in medical school. Grit, self-efficacy, and curiosity are protective factors against the negative psychosocial effects of medical school, whereas intolerance of uncertainty is a risk factor. What is not known is the association among grit, self-efficacy, curiosity, and intolerance of uncertainty and first-generation students. Thus, we examined grit, self-efficacy, curiosity, and intolerance of uncertainty in first-generation college and first-generation medical students.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study to assess medical students’ grit, self-efficacy, curiosity, and intolerance of uncertainty. We conducted independent samples t-tests and regression analyses using SPSS statistical software version 28.0.
Results
A total of 420 students participated in the study for a response rate of 51.5%. One-fifth of participants (21.2%, n = 89) identified as first-generation students, 38.6% (n = 162) participants reporting having a physician relative, and 16.2% (n = 68) reported having a physician parent. Grit scores did not differ by first-generation college status, physician relative(s), or physician parent(s). Similarly, self-efficacy scores did not differ by first-generation college status, physician relative(s), or physician parent(s), and curiosity scores did not differ by first-generation college status, physician relative(s), or physician parent(s). However, total intolerance of uncertainty scores differed by physician relative(s) (t= -2.830, p = .005), but not by first-generation status, or physician parent(s). Further, subscale scores for prospective anxiety differed by physician relative(s) (t= -3.379, p = .001) and physician parent(s) (t= -2.077, p = .038), but not by first-generation status. In the final regression model, both grit and self-efficacy were independently associated with intolerance of uncertainty, such that higher scores of grit (b = − .159, p = .003) and self-efficacy (b=-.316, p < .001) were associated with lower scores of intolerance of uncertainty. Having a physician in the family (b=-5.238, p = .003) was a protective factor against higher scores of intolerance of uncertainty.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that first-generation college students did not differ by grit, self-efficacy, curiosity, or intolerance of uncertainty. Similarly, first-generation medical students did not differ by grit, self-efficacy, or curiosity; however, first-generation medical students reported higher total intolerance of uncertainty and higher prospective anxiety. Additional research needs to confirm these findings in first-generation medical students.