Predictors of anemia in preschool children: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project

Engle‐Stone, Reina; Aaron, Grant J; Huang, Jin; Wirth, James P.; Namasté, Sorrel; Williams, Anne; Peerson, Janet M; Rohner, Fabian; Varadhan, Ravi; Addo, O Yaw; Temple, Victor J; Rayco‐Solon, Pura; Macdonald, Barbara; Suchdev, Parminder S.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.142323

Cited by 113 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Malaria and water and sanitation association was evaluated in very few studies. Three studies found no association [ 29 – 31 ] but we observed that household and neighbor’s use of unimproved water and sanitation facilities displayed a higher malaria rate in children. This occurs because vectors might breed and flight from uncovered water storage, surface water or stagnant water around infrastructure [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Neighbors’ use of water and sanitation facilities can affect children’s health: a cohort study in Mozambique using a spatial approach

et al. 2022

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Background Impact evaluation of most water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions in health are user-centered. However, recent research discussed WASH herd protection – community WASH coverage could protect neighboring households. We evaluated the effect of water and sanitation used in the household and by household neighbors in children’s morbidity and mortality using recorded health data. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort including 61,333 children from a district in Mozambique during 2012–2015. We obtained water and sanitation household data and morbidity data from Manhiça Health Research Centre surveillance system. To evaluate herd protection, we estimated the density of household neighbors with improved facilities using a Kernel Density Estimator. We fitted negative binomial adjusted regression models to assess the minimum children-based incidence rates for every morbidity indicator, and Cox regression models for mortality. Results Household use of unimproved water and sanitation displayed a higher rate of outpatient visit, diarrhea, malaria, and anemia. Households with unimproved water and sanitation surrounded by neighbors with improved water and sanitation high coverage were associated with a lower rate of outpatient visit, malaria, anemia, and malnutrition. Conclusion Household and neighbors’ access to improve water and sanitation can affect children’s health. Accounting for household WASH and herd protection in interventions’ evaluation could foster stakeholders’ investment and improve WASH related diseases control. Graphical Abstract Distribution of main water and sanitation facilities used during study period.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Neighbors’ use of water and sanitation facilities can affect children’s health: a cohort study in Mozambique using a spatial approach

et al. 2022

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“…First, we used anaemia given that DHS surveys do not collect individual micronutrient deficiencies for the majority of LMICs. The proportion of anaemia among women of reproductive age and children attributed to iron deficiency is approximately 71.0% and 50.0% in countries with a low infection burden, respectively (Engle-Stone et al, 2017;Wirth et al, 2017). This proportion drops to 35.1% among women and remains at 58.0% among children under 5 in countries with a high infection burden (Engle-Stone et al, 2017;Wirth et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proportion of anaemia among women of reproductive age and children attributed to iron deficiency is approximately 71.0% and 50.0% in countries with a low infection burden, respectively (Engle-Stone et al, 2017;Wirth et al, 2017). This proportion drops to 35.1% among women and remains at 58.0% among children under 5 in countries with a high infection burden (Engle-Stone et al, 2017;Wirth et al, 2017). Second, evidence has shown substantial differences in the estimation of anaemia depending on the method used to measure haemoglobin levels (Hruschka et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐household double burden of overweight/obesity and anaemia: Evidence from 49 low‐and middle‐income countries

Irache

Gill

Caleyachetty

2021

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Globally, overweight/obesity is rising rapidly while anaemia persists. Nevertheless, evidence on their coexistence at the household level remains limited. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, we quantified the magnitude, distribution and inequalities (i.e., estimates by wealth, education level and residence) in the intrahousehold double burden (DBM) of overweight/obesity and anaemia among mothers and their children under-5 living in 49 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The pooled prevalence of total intrahousehold DBM was 17.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.6, 18.8); 16.2% (95% CI: 14.6, 17.9) for mothers with overweight/obesity and children with anaemia; and 2.8% (95% CI: 2.5, 3.1) for mothers with anaemia and children with overweight/obesity. South Africa had the highest prevalence of total DBM at the household level, affecting almost one in three households. Households with mothers with overweight/obesity and children with anaemia followed an inverse social gradient, with higher estimates found in the richest quintile, highest maternal education level and in urban areas; although with some variation across regions. The opposite was observed for mothers with anaemia and children with overweight/obesity. The largest inequality gaps were found for mothers with overweight/obesity and children with anaemia in Togo by household wealth (29.3% points; p < 0.001), in Ghana by maternal education level (28.0% points; p = 0.001) and in Niger by area of residence (25.2% points; p < 0.001). Although double-duty actions might help accelerate action towards reducing malnutrition in all its forms, a comprehensive assessment of the causes of anaemia is first warranted to design effective country-specific programmes.

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“…Anaemia can have many causes, such as nutritional deficiencies, infections, and haemoglobinopathies. In low-to-middle income countries (LMICs), children may have several concurrent causes for their anaemia, each requiring a different treatment strategy, for example iron supplementation, chemotherapy, transfusion, antimalarials, or deworming [3,4]. Iron deficiency is one of the largest causes of anaemia [2], but studies estimating the proportion of anaemia due to iron deficiency have highly variable results partly because diagnosing iron deficiency is difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of malaria and sickle cell disease to anaemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Nigeria: A secondary analysis using data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey

Chao

Oron

Chabot-Couture

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction: Anaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Anaemia has many aetiologies best addressed by different treatments, so regional studies of the aetiology of anaemia may be required. Methods: We analysed data from Nigeria's 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) to study predictors of anaemia among children ages 6-59m. We computed the fraction of anaemia at different degrees of severity attributable to malaria and sickle cell disease (SCD) using a regression model adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic risk factors. We also estimated the contribution of the risk factors to haemoglobin concentration. Results: We found that 63.7% (95% CI: 58.3-69.4) of semi-severe anaemia (<80 g/L) was attributable to malaria compared to 12.4% (95% CI: 11.1-13.7) of mild-to-severe (adjusted haemoglobin concentration <110 g/L) and 29.6% (95% CI: 29.6-31.8) of moderate-to-severe (<100 g/L) anaemia and that SCD contributed 0.6% (95%CI: 0.4-0.9), 1.3% (95% CI: 1.0-1.7), and 7.3% (95%CI: 5.3-9.4) mild-to-severe, moderate-to-severe, and semi-severe anaemia, respectively. Sickle trait was protective against anaemia and was associated with higher haemoglobin concentration compared to children with normal haemoglobin (HbAA) among malaria-positive but not malaria-negative children. Conclusion: This approach used offers a new tool to estimate the contribution of malaria to anaemia in many settings using widely available DHS data. The fraction of anaemia among young children in Nigeria attributable to malaria and SCD is higher at more severe levels of anaemia. Prevention of malaria and SCD and timely treatment of affected individuals would reduce cases of severe anaemia.

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Predictors of anemia in preschool children: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project

Cited by 113 publications

References 32 publications

Neighbors’ use of water and sanitation facilities can affect children’s health: a cohort study in Mozambique using a spatial approach

Neighbors’ use of water and sanitation facilities can affect children’s health: a cohort study in Mozambique using a spatial approach

Intra‐household double burden of overweight/obesity and anaemia: Evidence from 49 low‐and middle‐income countries

The contribution of malaria and sickle cell disease to anaemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Nigeria: A secondary analysis using data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey

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