Predictors of Basal Cell Carcinoma in High-Risk Patients in the VATTC (VA Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention) Trial

Dyer, Robert K.; Weinstock, Martin A.; Cohen, Tobias; Rizzo, Amilcar; Bingham, Stephen F.; Group, VATTC Trial

doi:10.1038/jid.2012.227

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The p53 expression has been reported as 75% (on 18 BCCs),[1] 39% (on 30 BCCs),[3] and 0-92% in another studies (in BCC cases),[30364939] in comparison with 67.76% in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Ki67 expression has been reported as 40.6%,[27] 45%,[50] 51%,[1] 80%,[40] 39%[3] 26%,[51] and 34.6%,[27] in comparison with 57.33% in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…Although rarely metastatic, it is capable of significant local destruction and disfigurement. [1–5] Incidence rates have been reported to be between 20 and 300/1,000,000 in Europe and Northern America. [6]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 and Ki67 expression in skin epithelial tumors

et al. 2013

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Background and Aims:The cellular mechanisms responsible for initiating or limiting the tumors including skin types are of great importance. The p53 is a tumor-inhibiting gene which is believed to be defective in many malignant situations. Ki67 is a non-histonic protein which is mainly interfere with the proliferation and has many controlling effects during the cell cycle. Because of their importance in skin tumor cell growth, this study aimed at evaluating the p53 and Ki67 expression in skin epithelial tumors by immunohistochemical method.Materials and Methods:In a descriptive setting, 50 biopsy samples (30 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 10 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 8 keratoacanthomas (KAs), and 2 trichoepitheliomas (TEs)) were immunohistochemically evaluated for p53 and Ki67 expression during a 14-month period. The incidence and expression rate of these two variables were separately reported in each group of samples.Results:The expression rate of p53 was 67.77% for the BCCs, 50.20% for the SCCs, and null for the KAs. For both TEs, it was 50%. The expression rate of Ki67 was 57.33% for the BCCs, 47.70% for the SCCs, 37.5% for the KAs, and 0.0% for TEs. The incidence of P53+ cells was 100% and 90% in the BCC and SCC samples, respectively. The both TEs were positive in this regard. The incidence of Ki67+ cells was 100% for the BCC, SCC, and KA samples. The both TEs were negative in this regard.Conclusion:This study showed that the incidence rate of p53- and Ki67-positive cells is very high in skin malignant epithelial tumors. The expression rate of these two variables is comparable with reports in the literature. Further studies with large sample size are recommended to be carried out for KA and TE samples.

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“…The p53 expression has been reported as 75% (on 18 BCCs),[1] 39% (on 30 BCCs),[3] and 0-92% in another studies (in BCC cases),[30364939] in comparison with 67.76% in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Ki67 expression has been reported as 40.6%,[27] 45%,[50] 51%,[1] 80%,[40] 39%[3] 26%,[51] and 34.6%,[27] in comparison with 57.33% in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

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Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 and Ki67 expression in skin epithelial tumors

et al. 2013

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“…between eczema and noncutaneous SCC (Duk et al, 1989;Heinz et al, 2003), and cutaneous BCC (Dyer et al, 2012). In addition, we did not find smoking to be associated with subsequent SCC risk.…”

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confidence: 54%

Predictors of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in High-Risk Patients in the VATTC Trial

Xiong

Rizzo

Cohen

et al. 2013

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is one of the most common cancers in the United States, with no proven means for prevention other than systemic retinoids, which have significant toxicity, and sunscreen. We sought to determine the risk factors for invasive SCC on the face or ears in a high-risk population comprising 1,131 veterans in the Veterans Affairs Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention (VATTC) Trial. Participants were required to have been diagnosed with at least two keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs) in the 5 years prior to enrollment. The median duration of follow-up was 3.7 years. Twenty-three percent of the participants developed a new invasive SCC, and the cumulative risk of invasive SCC was 30% at 5 years. The following factors independently predicted for new invasive SCCs: number of invasive SCCs and number of in situ SCCs in the 5 years prior to enrollment, actinic keratoses count at enrollment, a history of ever use of topical 5-fluorouracil, and total occupational time spent outdoors. In contrast, the use of angiotensin-convering enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers during the study and a history of warts anywhere on the body were found to protect against new invasive SCCs. These independent predictors remained the same for all SCCs (invasive and in situ combined). The number of basal cell carcinomas in the 5 years prior to enrollment, sunburns, sun sensitivity, and recreational sun exposure were not associated with new SCCs. These findings identify key risk factors for additional SCCs in patients with multiple prior KCs, and suggest that a history of warts may be associated with reduced SCC risk.

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“…The most important predictor was the number of BCCs in the prior 5 years, but among the other independent risk factors was a history of eczema. None of those who reported eczema had used topical calcineurin inhibitors [ 11 ].…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atopic Dermatitis and Skin Cancer

2014

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Filaggrin gene ( FLG ) mutation carriage increases the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD), contact allergy, asthma, hay fever, and peanut allergy. These genetic variants also infl uence the severity of asthma and alopecia areata and susceptibility to herpetic infection [ 1 ]. Squamous cell carcinoma (SSC) in the skin is perhaps the most rapidly increasing malignancy arising through mutations in epidermal cells in sun-exposed areas. UVB radiation damages the DNA and its repair system and causes mutations in tumor-suppressing genes. The risk of metastasis increases if the mutated cells penetrate the dermis. Other risk factors for SCC include chronic sun exposure to UVB and UVA, a suppressed immune system due to treatment effects, exposure to cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tar, or long-standing infl ammation. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) arises from basal keratinocytes in epidermis. In this kind of tumor, UVB is also important for the induction of damaging the DNA and its repair system and also causing mutations in tumor-suppressing genes. BCC grows by direct extension and almost never metastasizes. Malignant melanoma (MM) is a malignancy of melanocytes located mostly in the skin but also in the eyes, ears, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Malignant melanoma accounts for approximately 4 % of skin cancers but is responsible for more than 74 % skin cancer deaths [ 2 ]. The melanocyte transformation is poorly understood. It involves a series of steps, several unknown, with progressive genetic mutation that alters cell proliferation, differentiation, and death, and has an impact from

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Predictors of Basal Cell Carcinoma in High-Risk Patients in the VATTC (VA Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention) Trial

Cited by 32 publications

References 50 publications

Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 and Ki67 expression in skin epithelial tumors

Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 and Ki67 expression in skin epithelial tumors

Predictors of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in High-Risk Patients in the VATTC Trial

Atopic Dermatitis and Skin Cancer

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