Predictors of body mass index and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in Australian children: a prospective cohort study

Burke, Valerie; Beilin, Lawrence J.; Simmer, Karen; Oddy, Wendy H.; Blake, Kevin; Doherty, Dorota; Kendall, Garth; Newnham, John P.; Landau, Louis I.; Stanley, Fiona

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802750

Cited by 135 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Only five of the studies used objective measures of physical activity. 35,48,[65][66][67] The others relied on self-reported measures, either by the children themselves, 61,[68][69][70][71] by their parents, [72][73][74][75][76][77] or by a combination thereof. 78 In the Framingham Children's Study, children wore accelerometers for up to 5 days twice per year.…”

Section: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior A Must And Dj Tybormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…79 Finally, the activity literature includes seven studies that utilized parent report of child activity. [72][73][74][75][76][77][78] The children in these studies tended to be young; all but Maffeis et al's study of elementary school-aged children was conducted on children aged 9 or younger. With the exception of the studies by Klesges 72 and Horn, 78 no significant associations between parent-reported physical activity and weight or fatness measures were demonstrated.…”

Section: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior A Must And Dj Tybormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…66,73,[75][76][77][78]81,96,97 Of the studies with younger subjects, most reported positive associations between television viewing and adiposity. 66,77,78,81,96,97 Each additional hour of TV watched by Australian children at age 6 was associated with a 40% increased odds of overweight at age 8. Associations remained significant after adjusting for birth weight, maternal BMI, maternal smoking, and children's PAL.…”

Section: Physical Inactivity and The Development Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

2005

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AIM:To review the published prospective observational studies of the relationship of physical activity and sedentary behavior with the development of overweight and adiposity, with an emphasis on methodologic issues. METHODS: Sample size, population studied, length of follow-up, assessment of exposure (physical activity, inactivity, or sedentary behavior), assessment of outcome (relative weight, overweight, % body fatness, adiposity), statistical approach, and main findings were extracted, summarized, and key methodological issues highlighted. RESULTS: In total, 17 studies of physical activity and 15 studies of inactivity/sedentary behavior were identified; as these were not mutually exclusive, 20 unique studies were reviewed. Results were mixed, with most studies showing an inverse association of physical activity with weight or fatness outcomes and/or a direct association of inactivity/sedentary behavior with weight or fatness outcomes. The effects identified were generally of small magnitude. Imprecise measurement of activity exposures likely weakens the observed relationships. Most studies used a pre-post design and had limited duration of follow-up (r2 y). Studies with longer and more frequent follow-up did not always use the most advantageous statistical approach. CONCLUSIONS: On balance, the available evidence from prospective observational studies suggests that increased physical activity and decreased sedentary behavior are protective against relative weight and fatness gains over childhood and adolescence. In addition to improved measurement methods, longer and more frequent follow-up as well as truly longitudinal analysis methods would help establish these important prevention and intervention targets, and identify subgroups or development periods where interventions would likely be effective.

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Section: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior A Must And Dj Tybormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior A Must And Dj Tybormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Inactivity and The Development Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

2005

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“…In addition, population-based studies have consistently shown that overweight/obese children have higher levels of BP and a higher prevalence of hypertension than their non-overweight/obese counterparts. [9][10][11] Given that sedentary behaviours are positively associated with childhood adiposity, [12][13][14] it is reasonable to hypothesize that various sedentary activities may also be independently associated with BP in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between a range of sedentary behaviours and blood pressure during early adolescence

et al. 2011

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Very few studies have explored links between physical activity, sedentary behaviours and blood pressure (BP) in early adolescence. We aimed to assess the association between a range of sedentary activities (screen time, television (TV) viewing, computer usage, video game usage and time spent in homework or reading) and BP in schoolchildren. Eligible year-7 students (2353/3144, mean age 12.7 years) from a random cluster sample of 21 Sydney schools were examined during [2003][2004][2005]. Parents and children completed detailed questionnaires of activity. BP was measured using a standard protocol and high BP was defined using published guidelines. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, parental education, height, BMI and time spent in physical activity, each hour per day spent in screen time, watching TV and playing video games was associated with a significant increase in diastolic BP of 0.44 (P ¼ 0.0001), 0.99 (Po0.0001) and 0.64 mm Hg (P ¼ 0.04), respectively. In contrast, each hour per day spent reading was associated with a decrease of 0.91 (P ¼ 0.01) and 0.69 mm Hg (P ¼ 0.02) in systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. Our results indicate that addressing different types of sedentary activities could be a potentially important strategy to reduce the prevalence of elevated BP in children.

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“…Some studies showed that urbanization, unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle are major contributors to health disorders (6,7) . Furthermore, certain circumstances in utero and early childhood predispose a child to disorders such as obesity, dysglycaemia and MetS (8)(9)(10) . …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome and its associated early-life factors in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China

Wang

Zhu

Cai

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in 7-to 17-year-old children and adolescents in China and to examine the relationship between MetS and its associated early-life factors. Design: Data were collected using a standard parent/guardian questionnaire in a face-to-face interview. Each participant underwent a complete anthropometric evaluation. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF; 2007) for children and adolescents. Setting: Guangzhou, a large city in South China, September 2013. Subjects: A total of 1770 children and adolescents were enrolled in the study, including 913 girls (51·6 %) and 857 boys (48·4 %). Results: The overall prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents was 1·1 % (n 19), which was higher in boys (1·4 %) than in girls (0·8 %). Multivariate analysis indicated that high birth weight was significantly associated with abdominal obesity (OR = 2·86; 95 % CI 1·62, 5·06) and MetS (OR = 3·61; 95 % CI 1·33, 9·82). Furthermore, >6 months of maternal breast-feeding was inversely associated with MetS (OR = 0·39; 95 % CI 0·16, 0·98). Conclusion: Based on IDF criteria, the prevalence of MetS among southern Chinese children was significantly lower than that in other populations. High birth weight was significantly associated with abdominal obesity and MetS, and breast-feeding for longer than 6 months was inversely associated with MetS in South China. Keywords Paediatric Metabolic syndrome Obesity NutritionMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors defined by the co-occurrence of at least three of the following features: obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hypertriacylglycerolaemia and low level of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (1) . The prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide. In 2014, Miller et al. reported that approximately 73·2 % of the participants in their study presented at least one feature, with an estimated MetS prevalence of 10·1 % among adolescents in the USA (2) . A study in 2012 showed that the prevalence of MetS in six cities in China was 27·6 % in obese participants and 0·2 % in normal-weight children (3) .Morrison et al. showed that MetS during childhood predicts adult MetS and type 2 diabetes mellitus 25-30 years later (4) . This finding emphasizes the importance of early control of MetS during childhood as a strategy for primary prevention of CVD later in life. Identification of risk factors in youngsters is crucial for the prevention and rapid detection of MetS (5) ; however, the associated early-life factors of MetS in children remain unclear and previous results are inconsistent. Some studies showed that urbanization, unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle are major contributors to health disorders (6,7) . Furthermore, certain circumstances in utero and early childhood predispose a child to disorders such as obesity, dysglycaemia and MetS (8)(9)(10) .

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Predictors of body mass index and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in Australian children: a prospective cohort study

Cited by 135 publications

References 47 publications

Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

Relationship between a range of sedentary behaviours and blood pressure during early adolescence

Metabolic syndrome and its associated early-life factors in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China

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