Predictors of Cognitive and Academic Outcome following Childhood Subcortical Stroke

Westmacott, Robyn; McDonald, Kyla P.; Roberts, Samantha D; deVeber, Gabrielle; MacGregor, Daune; Moharir, Mahendranath; Dlamini, Nomazulu; Williams, Tricia

doi:10.1080/87565641.2018.1522538

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Interestingly, in the current study, children with cortical stroke showed a different pattern of strengths and weaknesses than the one exhibited by children with childhood subcortical stroke. In a previous study, 10 the authors revealed that subcortical childhood stroke patients have age-appropriate intellectual abilities across verbal and nonverbal domains. However, deficits were noted in academic achievement (normative weakness in math calculation and reading comprehension), working memory, attention, and parent-reported executive functioning.…”

Section: Impact Of Neurologic and Personal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Pediatric patients with subcortical childhood infarcts demonstrated weaknesses in attention and executive functioning as well as aspects of academic achievement. 10 In adults, cortical strokes result in diffuse neurocognitive deficits including cognitive and executive dysfunction, language difficulties, and poor visual perception. [11][12][13] The majority of research that has looked at childhood-onset infarcts has combined subcortical and cortical stroke patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cognitive and Academic Outcomes Following Childhood Cortical Stroke

et al. 2019

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The majority of pediatric neuropsychological stroke research has focused on perinatal stroke outcomes given its relative frequency. Meanwhile, childhood-onset stroke is under-represented in the literature, resulting in limited knowledge about its neurocognitive sequelae. This retrospective study examined cognitive outcomes in children and youth (n = 27) with childhood arterial ischemic stroke (stroke occurring between 29 days and 18 years of life) isolated to the cortical region. Intellectual, academic, language, visual-perception, visual-motor integration, fine motor coordination, and executive function scores were examined relative to normative means. Results indicate that although these children are doing well in terms of general intellectual ability, they demonstrate lower scores on tasks of processing speed and fine motor coordination. Exploratory analysis also revealed that of the personal and neurologic factors examined, age at stroke was positively correlated with perceptual reasoning and fine motor control, age at assessment was negatively correlated with math calculation abilities, and maternal education was positively correlated with working memory and parent-reported behavioral regulation and impulse inhibition abilities. While neurologic variables were not predictive of cognitive neuropsychological outcomes, those with significant poorer performance had higher rates of medium/large, right-sided lesions with frontal lobe involvement. Our results highlight the overall resilience of the injured developing brain but also the vulnerability of specific cognitive skills within this unique population.

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Section: Impact Of Neurologic and Personal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Academic Outcomes Following Childhood Cortical Stroke

et al. 2019

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“…The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that are strongly interconnected with several brain areas, including, but not limited to, the cerebral cortex and the thalamus. 10,14 Parallel frontal to subcortical neuronal circuits that connect specific regions of the frontal cortex to the striatum, globus pallidus and the thalamus are implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. 15 Although the main anatomical structures that are involved are similar, the anatomical positions of the circuits are segregated in the caudate, putamen, and other deep gray structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Pediatric Basal Ganglia Stroke on Mental Health in Children: Report of 2 Cases

Badar

Radhakrishnan

Golomb

2020

Child Neurology Open

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Background: The impact of basal ganglia stroke on mental health is better described in adults than in children. We report 2 children with significant mental health issues after basal ganglia stroke. Case Reports: Patient 1, an 8-year-old boy, had mild anxiety before his left basal ganglia stroke. Post-stroke, he developed severe anxiety, obsessions, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, in addition to a right hemiplegia and some mild chorea. He gradually improved over 3 years with psychiatric care and medication but continued to have residual symptoms. Patient 2, a 10-year-old boy, had no history of mental health issues before his right basal ganglia stroke. Post-stroke, he developed significant anxiety and mild depression, along with a left hemiplegia. He improved over 9 months and returned to his mental health baseline. Conclusions: Mental health issues after basal ganglia stroke in children can be significant, and recovery can take months to years.

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“…2 In a departure from previous studies of motor deficits, the authors focus on cognitive function and sensory processing, which can pose a challenge as cognitive deficits may only become apparent as the child's development falls behind peers. 3 Giudice et al describe the relationship between sensory processing deficits and cognitive development, complementing emerging evidence supporting correlation between motor deficits and cognition after brain injury. Critical features of motor performance in infancy include variation and adaptability, dependent on somatosensation and sensory processing, alongside intact motor pathways.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…This study considers the relationship between neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with later developmental performance scores . In a departure from previous studies of motor deficits, the authors focus on cognitive function and sensory processing, which can pose a challenge as cognitive deficits may only become apparent as the child's development falls behind peers …”

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confidence: 99%