Predictors of disability retirement

Who retires early and why? Determinants of early retirement pension among Danish employees 57–62 years

“…With regard to work environment exposures, the present finding of ERP being more prevalent when exposed to extreme bending/twisting of neck/back, or working mainly standing/squatting suggests an overlap between determinants of ERP and permanent work disability retirement: several studies point out heavy manual labour (Borg and Burr 1997;Krause et al 1997Krause et al , 2001Andersson et al 1983;Danchin et al 1982;Dasinger et al 2000;Høgelund 2000;Lanier and Stockton 1998;Mackenzie et al 1998;Rønnevik 1988) , repetitive or continuous strain, musculoskeletal strain, uncomfortable working position, and crouching, (Krause et al 1997) and bending, twisting or working in fixed positions (Bergquist-Ullman and Larsson 1977) as determinants of retirement due to work disability. This overlap could reflect that ERP is used as an exit option before physical work strain develops into work disability.…”

“…Job dissatisfaction has been found to be positively associated with work disability in some studies (Krause et al 1997;BergquistUllman and Larsson 1977), but not in others (Krause et al 2001;Mackenzie et al 1998). Low job seniority is consistently associated with longer duration of work disability also after controlling for age (Dasinger et al 2000;Krause et al 2001;Johnson and Ondrich 1990).…”

“…In the literature, psychosocial determinants of work disability are: low worker control over the job and, especially, over the work and rest schedule, long work hours, high psychological job demands, monotonous work, low skill discretion, and high job stress or job strain (Krause et al 1997(Krause et al , 2001). Job dissatisfaction has been found to be positively associated with work disability in some studies (Krause et al 1997;BergquistUllman and Larsson 1977), but not in others (Krause et al 2001;Mackenzie et al 1998).…”

“…There seems to be general agreement in the literature on the following associations between workplace factors and work disability: heavy physical labour (Borg and Burr 1997;Krause et al 1997Krause et al , 2001Andersson et al 1983;Danchin et al 1982;Dasinger et al 2000;Høgel-und 2000;Lanier and Stockton 1998;Mackenzie et al 1998;Rønnevik 1988) , repetitive or continuous strain, musculoskeletal strain, uncomfortable working position, and crouching (Krause et al 1997), bending, twisting or working in fixed positions (Bergquist-Ullman and Larsson 1977), and construction work (Cheadle et al 1994). All in all, the literature provides broad evidence that high job demands of various forms constitute an important determinant for work disability and disability retirement, while the scientific evidence directly linking occupational factors and more voluntary early retirement is far more scarce: the Danish unemployment insurance system offers the opportunity of retiring at the age of 60, instead of the normal retirement age of 65 (67 for those aged 60 before July 1st 1999).…”

Can high psychological job demands, low decision latitude, and high job strain predict disability pensions? A 12-year follow-up of middle-aged Swedish workers

“…Those undertaken have shown positive associations between the award of disability pension and 'mentally strenuous work', as in a Finnish study by Krause et al (1997) and with low job control (studies from Denmark and Norway) (Krokstad et al 2002;Claussen and Dalgard 2009;Friis et al 2008;Christensen et al 2008). However, to our knowledge, only two studies have employed the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) in this context.…”