“…An important finding from Keen et al's study was that parents who received additional support (in the form of a two-day parent group workshop and a series of ten home based consultations), compared to those who received information only, were more likely to achieve a reduction in parenting stress and an increase in their sense of PSE. These findings are consistent with both selfefficacy theory and previous PSE research, which has found positive predictive relations between parental perceptions of support in their parenting role and their perceptions of PSE (Bandura, 1997;Bryanton, Gagnon, Hatem, & Johnston, 2008;Cutrona & Troutman, 1986;Weiss, 2002). However, not all support is equally effective, and the support that parents receive from formal professional services has been found to have less influence on their sense of PSE than support they receive from informal sources, such as family and friends (Benson, 2006;Dunn, Burbine, Bowers, & Tantleff-Dunn, 2001;Ekas, Lickenbrock, & Whitman, 2010;Rodrigue, Morgan, & Geffken, 1992;Saloviita, Italinna, & Leinonen, 2003).…”