Predictors of expressed breast milk volume in mothers expressing milk for their preterm infant

Fewtrell, Mary; Kennedy, Kathy; Ahluwalia, Jag; Nicholl, Richard; Lucas, Alan; Burton, Patricia

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-308321

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Consistent with previous studies, we found an association between older maternal age, delivery type, and SGA at discharge influenced LBW infants receiving breast milk intake [19,20,21]. This reinforces the importance of providing breastfeeding support for those mothers who are either young or had vaginal delivery, or a small for gestational age infant at discharge may need special attention to establish successful breastfeeding among preterm births.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Increase in Weight in Low Birth Weight and Very Low Birth Weight Infants Fed Fortified Breast Milk versus Formula Milk: A Retrospective Cohort Study

et al. 2017

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There has been a dramatic rise in preterm births in developed countries owing to changes in clinical practices and greater use of assisted reproductive techniques. However, few studies have examined the growth and outcomes of preterm infants according to the type of feeding (with fortified breast milk or formula). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of breast milk feedings and formula on the growth and short-term outcomes of preterm infants in Hong Kong. In a single-center retrospective cohort study, we included 642 preterm infants at gestational age <37 weeks with birth weights <2200 g. According to World Health Organization criteria, 466 were classified as low birth weight (LBW) infants (≥1500 g and <2200 g) and 176 were classified as very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (<1500 g). The mothers of approximately 80% of VLBW infants and 60% LBW infants initiated breast milk feeding. When compared with no breast milk intake, LBW infants that received breast milk were significantly more likely to have growth z-scores closer to the median of the reference population on admission and experienced slower weight gain from birth to discharge. When breast milk was categorized by percent of total enteral intake, significant differences were seen among LBW infants, with lower percentages of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) status at discharge with increased proportions of breast milk intake. Our results suggest that LBW infants fed breast milk had better growth z-scores and lower SGA status at discharge compared with those predominately fed preterm formula.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Increase in Weight in Low Birth Weight and Very Low Birth Weight Infants Fed Fortified Breast Milk versus Formula Milk: A Retrospective Cohort Study

et al. 2017

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“…Research focused on exclusive pumping is scant, with the exception of studies limited to the NICU and neonatal period. 13,14 To our knowledge, this is the first study to focus on this group of women in a broader sample. One study based on the IFPS II reported that women who pump the most and initiate pumping early, especially because of difficulties feeding at the breast, tend to stop feeding human milk sooner than women who pump less or for elective reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pumping Milk Without Ever Feeding at the Breast in the Moms2Moms Study

Keim

Boone

Oza-Frank

et al. 2017

Breastfeeding Medicine

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“…This deals with the unknown reasons that prompt several mothers, despite the shorter duration of their mammary tissue development, to produce so much milk to cover the demands of their children and beyond. A probable correlation is established between the emotional challenges faced by mothers after a premature delivery [39–41]. It is well known that the motivation plays a central role and probably the maternal age of the women recruited should be pointed out: mostly over 35 years of age (about 60%), they should be educated for a greater awareness about the necessity and the importance of the breastfeeding, considering their level of education, which is medium-high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Might the Mothers of Premature Babies Feed Them and Devote Some Milk to the Milk Bank?

Quitadamo

Palumbo

Cianti

et al. 2018

International Journal of Pediatrics

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The breast milk is the gold standard food for the feeding of the premature baby: it is the natural way to provide excellent nutritional, immunological, and biological nutriment so as to facilitate a healthy growth and the development of the infants. When the breast milk is not available, the alternative is represented by the donated milk. The mothers of premature infants are important opportunity if we consider the fact that they could devote some milk both because they provide a food which is closer to the needs of the vulnerable category of newborns and because it is, for the mothers, a way to overcome the detachment and the psychological trauma of a premature birth. There are no data on this kind of donation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the contribution of the milk donation to the HMB of CSS by women who gave birth to premature infants of gestational age <35 weeks and to analyze the macronutrient composition of the “preterm” donated milk. The CSS HMB has recruited 659 donors totalling 2236 liters of donated milk over a period of 7 years. 38 donors (5.7%) gave birth to a gestational age <35 weeks. Almost 20% of the donated milk comes from mothers of premature babies and this is a very important fact because it shows the huge potential belonging to this category of mothers. Taking into account the parameter regarding the birth weight, it was found that VLBW mothers contributed for 56% to preterm donation while ELBW mothers contributed for 41%. By evaluating the variable gestational age, about 40% of the average total donation derives from mothers who gave birth before the 25 weeks, while a contribution of 46% is attributable to the category of newborns with a GA between 25 and 32 weeks. Besides, some other exceptional examples can be outlined. Regarding the correlation analysis DM resulted in negative correlation with GA weeks (r=-0.31, p=0.058) and with BW g (r=-0.30, p=0.068) achieving values which are very close to the significance. The comparison between the donor volume averages of the preterm and full-term groups is statistically significant. The composition data are in line with the literature: there is an increase by 18 % in the protein component of the milk deriving from the mothers of the premature infants; the gap in carbohydrates is less significant (5-6%) and the gap in calories is similarly low being only 2% higher than the single donor milk and 11% more than the pooled milk. The data on the lipids line up to single donor term milk, while it grows by 24% compared to the pooled one. The study shows that even at very low or extreme gestational age it is possible to obtain an appropriate production of breast milk. This awareness becomes a fundamental starting point for the activation in a standardized way of all the strategies of promotion and support of food that have proven effective with the HM in NICU.

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Predictors of expressed breast milk volume in mothers expressing milk for their preterm infant

Abstract: NCT00887991.

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

Increase in Weight in Low Birth Weight and Very Low Birth Weight Infants Fed Fortified Breast Milk versus Formula Milk: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Increase in Weight in Low Birth Weight and Very Low Birth Weight Infants Fed Fortified Breast Milk versus Formula Milk: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Pumping Milk Without Ever Feeding at the Breast in the Moms2Moms Study

Might the Mothers of Premature Babies Feed Them and Devote Some Milk to the Milk Bank?

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