Predictors of HIV Sexual Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women, and Transgender Women

Bowers, Jane Rohde; Branson, Catherine M.; Fletcher, Jesse B.; Reback, Cathy J.

doi:10.1080/19317611.2012.715120

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Rates of methamphetamine use were high, particularly among the marginally housed (34.5%) and homeless (37.8%) transwomen, with rates similar to those found among samples of men who have sex with men (Bowers et al, 2011; Carey et al, 2009; Wohl, Frye, & Johnson, 2008). Risk of HIV acquisition or transmission is often increased among methamphetamine users, generally as a result of concomitant high-risk sexual behaviors (Bowers, Branson, Fletcher, & Reback, 2012; Drumright, Patterson, & Strathdee, 2006; Koblin et al, 2006; Mimiaga et al, 2010; Reback & Shoptaw, 2011; Reback et al, 2012). Inconsistent condom use and substance use during sex (a known predictor of unprotected anal intercourse among transwomen) (Nemoto, Operario, Keatley, Han, & Soma, 2004) have both been associated with stimulant use and unstable housing among transwomen (Sevelius et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing Status and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women in Los Angeles

2014

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Due to social stigma, lack of social support, and minimal legal employment opportunities, transgender women (transwomen) face elevated rates of unstable housing. This study examined the association between housing status and HIV risk behaviors among 517 transwomen encountered through street outreach. Seven variables (including sociodemographics, HIV status, housing status, and sexual partner type) were used to estimate partial associations during multivariable analyses; housing status was coded trichotomously (housed, marginally housed, and homeless) for these analyses. Results demonstrated that homeless and marginally housed transwomen engaged in significantly higher rates of illicit drug use than housed transwomen; however, marginally housed and housed transwomen engaged in significantly higher rates of illegal hormone injections than homeless transwomen. Rates of sex work were high in the sample as a whole, though sex with an exchange partner was most common among the marginally housed transwomen. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that unstable housing moderated the association between HIV status and engagement in unprotected serodiscordant anal intercourse. The marginally housed transwomen exhibited the greatest risk profile for HIV acquisition or transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing Status and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women in Los Angeles

2014

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“…Many high-risk trans women experience homelessness (Mottet & Ohle, 2006; Spicer, 2010; Fletcher, Kisler, & Reback, 2014), substance use including addiction (Benotsch et al, 2013; Herbst et al, 2008; Hoffman, 2014; Santos et al, 2014; Wolf & Dewa., 2012), mental health comorbidities (Bockting, Miner, Swinburne Romine, Hamilton, & Coleman, 2013; Fredriksen-Goldsen et al, 2013; Gijs, van der Putten-Bierman, & De Cuypere, 2014; Gleason, Costanzo, Oost, Livingston, & Cochran, 2014; Horvath, Iantaffi, Swinburne-Romine, & Bockting, 2013), and engagement in sex work (Bowers, Branson, Fletcher, & Reback, 2012; Hoffman, 2014; Nadal, Davidoff, & Fujii-Doe, 2013; Operario, Soma, & Underhill, 2008; Reback & Fletcher, 2014), each of which can reduce the time, inclination, and/or ability to enter into HIV services (Rapues, Wilson, Packer, Colfax, & Raymond, 2013). Simply meeting basic needs such as locating food, clothing, and/or shelter may be more pressing than the perceived need for services (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2007).…”

Section: Recruitment and Hiv Testing For High-risk Trans Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruiting, Linking, and Retaining High-Risk Transgender Women Into HIV Prevention and Care Services: An Overview of Barriers, Strategies, and Lessons Learned

Reback

Ferlito

Kisler

et al. 2015

International Journal of Transgenderism

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Despite disproportionately high HIV prevalence rates and high risk for HIV acquisition and transmission, trans women in the United States are less likely than other high-risk populations to be aware of their HIV status or to perceive HIV infection as a serious health threat. Furthermore, concurrently high rates of unstable housing, few legal employment opportunities, lack of social support, and distrust of social service providers limit trans women's interest or ability to be recruited by, retained within, or linked into HIV prevention and care services. This article provides an overview of the barriers that prevent many high-risk trans women from being recruited, linked, and retained within HIV prevention and care services as well as accessing HIV testing services, and discusses several strategies for overcoming these barriers. Best practices in working with high-risk trans women include hiring trans women indigenous to the local trans communities, designing culturally specific recruitment and retention strategies including the creation of living “community maps” to ensure successful community outreach, the construction of a trans women-specific CAB to create dialogue with community stakeholders including consumers, and extensive cultural sensitivity training for staff and community collaborators to sensitize them to the specific needs of high-risk trans women participants.

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“…18,19 Similarly, young transgender women show high rates of both non-injection 20 and injection drug use, 21,22 with high self-reported HIV prevalence among those who use drugs. 23 Research on HIV among women and female adolescents who use drugs in the criminal justice system remains limited in low-and middle-income countries.…”

Section: Impact Of Limited Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Who Use or Inject Drugs

El‐Bassel

Strathdee

2015

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Women account for more than half of all individuals living with HIV globally. Despite increasing drug and HIV epidemics among women, females who use drugs are rarely found in research, harm reduction programs, or drug and HIV treatment and care. Women who use drugs continue to face challenges that increase their vulnerability to HIV and other co-morbidities due to high rates of gender-based violence, human rights violations, incarceration, and institutional and societal stigmatization. This special issue emphasizes how the burdens of HIV, drug use and their co-occurring epidemics affect women in a global context. Papers included focus on the epidemiology of HIV, HCV and other co-morbidities; HIV treatment, prevention, and care; and policies affecting the lives of female who use drugs. This issue also highlights the state of the science of biomedical and behavioral research related to women who use drugs. The final paper highlights the major findings of papers covered and presents a call to action regarding needed research, treatment, and preventive services for women who use drugs. To address these needs, we advocate for women-specific thinking and approaches that considers the social, micro, and macro contexts of women’s lives. We present a woman-specific risk environment framework that reflects the unique lives and contexts of women who use drugs and provide a call to action for intervention, prevention, and policies.

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Predictors of HIV Sexual Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women, and Transgender Women

Cited by 35 publications

References 46 publications

Housing Status and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women in Los Angeles

Housing Status and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women in Los Angeles

Recruiting, Linking, and Retaining High-Risk Transgender Women Into HIV Prevention and Care Services: An Overview of Barriers, Strategies, and Lessons Learned

Women Who Use or Inject Drugs

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