Predictors of low‐voltage zones in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation eligible for catheter ablation: An observational study

Abstract

IntroductionThe presence of low‐voltage zones (LVZs) in the left atrium (LA) is associated with the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). However, there is variability and conflict in the data regarding predictors of LVZs as reported in previous studies. The objective of this study was to identify predictors for the presence of LVZs in a cohort of patients with persistent AF.MethodsThe study prospectively enrolled 439 patients with persistent AF who were scheduled for ablation. Voltage map of the LA was collected using a multipolar catheter. An LVZ was defined as an area of ≥3 cm2 exhibiting a peak‐to‐peak bipolar voltage of <0.5 mV.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 65.3 ± 8.6 years and 26.4% were female. Additionally, 25.7% had significant LVZs, most frequently located in the anterior wall of the LA. Multivariable analysis identified the following independent predictors for LVZ: advanced age (OR [odds ratio] = 1.08, 95% CI [confidence interval] = 1.03–1.13, p = .002); female sex (OR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.66–8.76, p < .001); coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.32–7.77, p = .01) and enlarged LA diameter (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04–1.17, p = .001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the final model was 0.829.ConclusionApproximately 25% of the patients with persistent AF had LVZs. Advanced age, female sex, CAD, and a larger LA were independent predictors for LVZs with the model demonstrating a very good AUC for the ROC curve. These findings hold the potential to be used to tailor the ablation procedure for the individual patient.