Predictors of Lower Depression Levels in Older Adults During COVID-19 Lockdown

Abstract

Background Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to adverse mental health consequences, such as depression, among older adults. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of lower depression scores in older adults living under lockdown. Methods 1,123 older Brazilian adults were cross-sectionally assessed for depression, physical activity (PA), pet ownership (dogs, cats, and birds), ability to make video calls, leaving home during lockdown, and not living alone. The statistical procedures included linear regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results After adjusting for age, sex, and race, moderate to vigorous PA (β = −0.014, p < .001), it was found that PA (β = −0.905, p < .001) and dog ownership (β = −0.545, p = .004) were associated with lower depression. No association was observed between depression and other conditions. Conclusions With the likelihood of subsequent COVID-19 waves, remotely delivered PA programs might be a strategy to counteract the negative psychological effects of lockdown on older adults.

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on well‐being of seniors attending online programs at University of the Third Age: a follow‐up study

“…Studies have shown that older adults who were physically active did not experience an increase in depression and anxiety, or were less depressed. 13,54 Similar findings were observed for the use of social media in older adults. 12,55 Also, therapist-guided digital interventions and cognitive behavioural therapy have improved mental quality of life, reduced loneliness, and provided protection against the life stressors experienced (e.g., lockdown, pandemic).…”

“…During the COVID‐19 pandemic, a significant amount of research was carried out about protection of mental health. Studies have shown that older adults who were physically active did not experience an increase in depression and anxiety, or were less depressed 13,54 . Similar findings were observed for the use of social media in older adults 12,55 .…”

Abuse of Marginalized Older Adults During COVID-19

“…Although it is highly plausible that living arrangement is related to experiencing abuse or depression, multiple studies on the COVID-19 pandemic did not detect any significant associations (Bohn et al, 2021; Chang & Levy, 2021). In our study, living arrangement (i.e., living with at least one cohabitant) was associated with higher odds of experiencing +VPC (OR = 2.70, 0.95 CI = 1.83–3.98).…”

Disparities in Mental Health and Well-Being between Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…To date, many studies from different countries and with different sampling strategies, sample sizes, and research designs have investigated the well-being and mental health of older populations during the pandemic. Some studies have found that older adults have a lower prevalence of depression symptoms, psychological distress, and anxiety compared to younger adults (e.g., Arpino et al, 2021 ; Bohn et al, 2021 ; Kobayashi et al, 2021 ; Taylor et al, 2021 ). However, variations in mental health and well-being in the older adult population has been understudied.…”