“…Numerous sources indicate that the degree or mode of parental participation is significantly influenced by socioeconomic status, especially education level (e.g., Katrňák, 2004;Ndebele, 2015;Pospíšilová, 2011;Silinskas, Leppanen, Aunola, Parrila, & Nurmi, 2010;Trávníček, 2007;Van Steensel, 2006), while some others argue the a r t i c l e s j o u r n a l o f p e d a g o g y 2 / 2 0 1 7 3 0 opposite (e.g., Dumont, Trautwein, Nagy & Nagengast, 2014;Sotáková in Kucharská, 2015;Stuart, Dixon, Masterson & Quinlan, 1998). Yet others, such as De Garmo et al (1999in Desforges & Abouchaar, 2003, Niklas and Schneider (2013) or Wu and Honig (2010) point to the indirect influence socioeconomic status has on participation, which can be mediated through parental knowledge and skills (Pospíšilová, 2011), different levels of social interaction with the child (Šauerová, 2012) or by expressing an interest for example (Zellman & Waterman, 1998in Desforges & Abouchaar, 2003.…”