“…Furthermore, there is a paucity of CBT studies that target anger in youth from which to derive an understanding of clinical efficacy [ 31 , 48 , 69 , 73 , 94 ]. Approximately 22% to 50% of youth undergoing CBT for anxiety disorders or posttraumatic stress—both of which include irritability as a diagnostic symptom—do not respond or do not reach remission [ 46 , 51 , 57 , 79 , 88 ]. In terms of anger, irritability, and related diagnoses, (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, DMDD), some medications and psychotherapeutic interventions have shown promise; however, clinically relevant impairment still seems to be maintained in a significant number of youth [ 5 , 6 , 21 , 32 , 93 , 94 , 103 , 105 ].…”