Predictors of quality of life: A model based study

Abstract

In this study, predictors of quality of life (QOL) in psychiatric outpatients (n = 410) were investigated using the psychological stress model developed by Taylor and Aspinwall (Psychosocial Stress. Perspective on Structures, Theory, Life-Course and Methods. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1996; pp. 71-110). External resources, personal resources, stressors, appraisal of stressors, social support, coping, and QOL were assessed with several questionnaires. The complete original Taylor and Aspinwall model was tested with SEM analyses. These analyses were not able to explain the data adequately. Therefore, initially a more exploratory data analytic strategy was followed using a series of multiple regression analyses. These analyses only partially supported the Taylor and Aspinwall model. In fact, QOL was not predicted by coping, while all other antecedents affected QOL directly, explaining considerable amounts of QOL variance. As a next step, taking the outcomes of the regression analyses as point of departure, new SEM analyses were carried out, testing a modified model. This model, without coping, had an excellent fit. Consequently, modifications of the model are recommended concerning psychiatric outpatients when QOL is the psychosocial outcome measure.

Subjective Estimation of the Quality of Life in Relation to Neuroticism

“…Substantial correlations between the sum result on CI and four domains on WHOQOL-BREF were as follows: psychological health (-0.42); environment (-0.46); physical health (-0.49), and social relationships (-0.58). Other authors found a similar negative correlation between neuroticism and the quality of life, irrespective of what questionnaire or test was used for personality assessment (15)(16)(17). Persons who had higher emotional stability scores perceived their own lives better in quality, reported fewer symptoms related to SBS, and were more satisfi ed with work organisation.…”

Opšta Samoefikasnost Kao Moderator Relacija Između Ispitne Anksioznosti, Suočavanja I Ishoda Stresne Transakcije

“…Model Tejlora i Aspinvala (The Taylor and Aspinwall Model, 1996), kao jedan od savremenih i najsveobuhvatnijih modela stres-procesa predstavlja polaznu osnovu kako za teorijsko konceptualizovanje složenih odnosa koji postoje među varijablama ispitivanim u ovom članku, tako i za sprovođenje empirijskog istraživanja čiji će se rezultati prezentovati. U ovom generalnom okviru za razumevanje i istraživanje celokupnog stres-procesa autori su kombinovali transakcionistički model sa drugim savremenim kognitivnim teorijskim pristupima, objedinjujući pritom nasledne činioce, osobine ličnosti, osetljivost na stres i suočavanje sa stresom u jednu koherentnu celinu (Masthoff et al, 2007). Na Slici 1. vidi se da ovaj model sadrži spoljašnje i lične resurse, stresore, kognitivnu procene, socijalnu podršku, suočavanje sa stresom i izlazne varijable u vidu psihosocijalnih konsekvenci.…”

“…Tejlor i Aspinval tretiraju karakteristike ličnosti kao značajne moderatore, koji menjaju smer ili snagu odnosa između prediktora i izlaznih promenljivih (Masthoff et al, 2007). Moderatori odgovaraju na pitanje: "Kada ili za koga određena varijabla najjasnije i najsnažnije predviđa određeni ishod?"…”

“…(Fajgelj, 2004). U skladu sa do sada napisanim, Tejlor i Aspinval naglašavaju da strategije suočavanja sa stresom predstavljaju medijatore između stresora, s jedne strane, i psihosocijalnih ishoda stresne transakcije, s druge strane (Masthoff et al, 2007).…”

“…Reagujući na navedene nedostatke opisanog istraživanja Masthof i saradnici pokušali su da validiraju model Tejlora i Aspinvala u drugačijem kontekstu (Masthoff et al, 2007). Njihovi ispitanici bili su psihijatrijski pacijenti na vanbolničkom lečenju.…”