Predictors of regular Pap smears among Korean-American women

Barriers and Facilitating Factors Perceived in Turkish Women's Behaviors Towards Early Cervical Cancer Detection: A Qualitative Approach

“…It was emphasized in these studies that financial problems and lack of health insurance for access to transportation and service were placed near the top among the impeding factors (Facione et al, 1997;Remennick, 2006). Moreover, fear of cancer, negligence, shyness, lack of knowledge as regards to cancer and early detection, health perception of the individual, negative experiences with the health personnel, sex of the health personnel, transportation difficulties of the healthcare organisation, complaints about getting an appointment and waiting in the queue, cultural and traditional practices are also counted among barriers (Juon et al, 2003;Van Til et al, 2003;Fang et al, 2007;Wong et al, 2009). McFarland (2003 stated in his study that knowledge levels of women are insufficient as regards to the cervical cancer and pap smear test and they have limited access to sources necessary in order to undergo the test.…”

Knowledge about Cervical Cancer Risk Factors and Pap Smear Testing Behavior among Female Primary Health Care Workers: A Study from South Turkey

“…In the countries where it is performed, the morbidity and mortality rates of the cervical cancer showed a substantial decrease. Whether having Pap smear test varies by age, educational background, race, socioeconomic status and cultural properties of the women (Juon et al, 2003).…”

Knowledge and Beliefs Related to Cervical Cancer and Screening Among Korean American Women

“…The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2003) recommends cervical cancer screening at least every 3 years for women who have an intact cervix. Studies with Korean American women regarding their cervical cancer screening behaviors have identified several contextual factors: sociodemographic status, including age, employment, marital status, and income; acculturation levels, including years in the United States and spoken-English proficiency; health care access issues, such as health insurance and the physician's ethnicity and gender, as well as ever having had a checkup and having a physician's recommendation; and social support issues, such as having friends or family members who receive Pap tests (Juon et al, 2003;K. Kim et al, 1999; M. C. Lee, 2000;Lew et al, 2003;Maxwell et al, 2000;Sohn & Harada, 2005).…”

“…Notwithstanding sociodemographic factors, Korean American women have low levels of knowledge, and their knowledge is related to whether they receive cervical cancer screening (Juon, Seo, & Kim, 2002;Juon et al, 2003;K. Kim et al, 1999).…”