Predictors of Resilient Psychosocial Functioning in Western Australian Aboriginal Young People Exposed to High Family-Level Risk

Hopkins, Katrina D.; Taylor, Catherine L.; D’Antoine, Heather; Zubrick, Stephen R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0586-3_33

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Even if we make the assumption that it is possible to reduce resilience to a cognitive process, the environment/individual interaction (with the environment likely accounting for more of the variance in outcomes than individual factors such as cognitive style, intelligence, or personality) will influence the degree of successful coping that is achieved. For example, in a nonresponsive environment (e.g., chronic parental neglect) or a consistently oppressive environment (e.g., persistent racism), a positive appraisal may actually have the unintended consequence of undermining the experiencing of one's personal efficacy (Hopkins et al 2012;Obradovićet al 2010). After all, children who are racially marginalized but who make an unrealistically positive appraisal of their capacity to resist oppression may actually be ill-prepared to cope with the challenges they face.…”

Section: Michael Ungarmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

Kalisch¹,

Müller²,

2014

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The well-replicated observation that many people maintain mental health despite exposure to severe psychological or physical adversity has ignited interest in the mechanisms that protect against stress-related mental illness. Focusing on resilience rather than pathophysiology in many ways represents a paradigm shift in clinical-psychological and psychiatric research that has great potential for the development of new prevention and treatment strategies. More recently, research into resilience also arrived in the neurobiological community, posing nontrivial questions about ecological validity and translatability. Drawing on concepts and findings from transdiagnostic psychiatry, emotion research, and behavioral and cognitive neuroscience, we propose a unified theoretical framework for the neuroscientific study of general resilience mechanisms. The framework is applicable to both animal and human research and supports the design and interpretation of translational studies. The theory emphasizes the causal role of stimulus appraisal (evaluation) processes in the generation of emotional responses, including responses to potential stressors. On this basis, it posits that a positive (non-negative) appraisal style is the key mechanism that protects against the detrimental effects of stress and mediates the effects of other known resilience factors. Appraisal style is shaped by three classes of cognitive processes--positive situation classification, reappraisal, and interference inhibition--that can be investigated at the neural level. Prospects for the future development of resilience research are discussed.

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Section: Michael Ungarmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

Kalisch¹,

Müller²,

2014

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“…Closing the educational gap between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal students is a complex task requiring sensitivity to a history of entrenched inequality (Ford, 2012). Previous research has illustrated that many expected resilience factors for Aboriginal youth were not significant (Hopkins, Taylor, D'Antoine, & Zubrick, 2012). Within the educational domain, we found school attendance was equally effective at promoting achievement outcomes for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal students.…”

Section: Attendancementioning

confidence: 55%

Pre-existing adversity, level of child protection involvement, and school attendance predict educational outcomes in a longitudinal study

Maclean

Taylor

O’Donnell

2016

Child Abuse & Neglect

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“…Our results suggest that, for urban high family risk exposed Resilient youth, the protective influence of positive social connections afforded by living in low SES neighborhoods (inhabited by the majority of the Aboriginal population) may facilitate ready access to extended family support, in contrast to those youth living in higher SES neighborhoods. Aboriginal youth in upward socially mobile families may not only be exposed to actual discrimination but feel a very identifiable minority with attendant increase in stress [ 56 , 69 ]. Therefore, government policies aimed at facilitating upward socioeconomic mobility may unintentionally impose sufficient burden to lower individual adaptive functioning for Aboriginal youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Family-level risk . Five risk factors were previously identified as specific predictors of increased likelihood of poor psychosocial functioning amongst Aboriginal youth [ 56 ]. The five measures comprise (a) low nurturing parenting; (b) harsh parenting ; (c) exposure to family violence ; (d) single parent household ; and (e) unemployed primary carer .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Youth smoked: Youth were asked whether they smoked cigarettes more than just once or twice (“yes”/”no”). Psychosocial resilient status is a derived 4-part categorical variable measuring psychosocial functioning in contexts of high and low family risk exposure empirically associated with poor psychosocial functioning [ 56 ]. The four groups of youth are those are those described in our previous research [ 29 ] and their profiles are briefly outlined in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between Psychosocial Resilience and Physical Health Status of Western Australian Urban Aboriginal Youth

et al. 2015

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BackgroundPsychosocial processes are implicated as mediators of racial/ethnic health disparities via dysregulation of physiological responses to stress. Our aim was to investigate the extent to which factors previously documented as buffering the impact of high-risk family environments on Aboriginal youths’ psychosocial functioning were similarly beneficial for their physical health status.Method and ResultsWe examined the relationship between psychosocial resilience and physical health of urban Aboriginal youth (12–17 years, n = 677) drawn from a representative survey of Western Australian Aboriginal children and their families. A composite variable of psychosocial resilient status, derived by cross-classifying youth by high/low family risk exposure and normal/abnormal psychosocial functioning, resulted in four groups- Resilient, Less Resilient, Expected Good and Vulnerable. Separate logistic regression modeling for high and low risk exposed youth revealed that Resilient youth were significantly more likely to have lower self-reported asthma symptoms (OR 3.48, p<.001) and carer reported lifetime health problems (OR 1.76, p<.04) than Less Resilient youth.ConclusionThe findings are consistent with biopsychosocial models and provide a more nuanced understanding of the patterns of risks, resources and adaptation that impact on the physical health of Aboriginal youth. The results support the posited biological pathways between chronic stress and physical health, and identify the protective role of social connections impacting not only psychosocial function but also physical health. Using a resilience framework may identify potent protective factors otherwise undetected in aggregated analyses, offering important insights to augment general public health prevention strategies.

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Predictors of Resilient Psychosocial Functioning in Western Australian Aboriginal Young People Exposed to High Family-Level Risk

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

Pre-existing adversity, level of child protection involvement, and school attendance predict educational outcomes in a longitudinal study

Relationships between Psychosocial Resilience and Physical Health Status of Western Australian Urban Aboriginal Youth

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