Predictors of Satisfying and Impactful Clinical Shadowing Experiences for Underrepresented Minority High School Students Interested in Healthcare Careers

Kendrick, Karla N; Withey, Stephanie; Batson, Alex; Wright, Scott M.; O’Rourke, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2020.04.007

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These could include opportunities for female pre-medical students to interact with female surgical trainees and female surgeons, so that they may gain valuable real-life perspectives regarding what it is like to be a woman in surgery. Interactions could take place at hospitals, in the form of shadowing programs [39], or at high schools, in the form of interactive seminars. Additionally, given that social media has become a regular feature of young people's lives, women surgeon influencers on social media may also be recruited to partake in outreach to female pre-medical students.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Intention to Pursue Surgery among Female Pre‐Medical Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Pakistan

et al. 2022

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Background While gender disparities in surgery are documented worldwide, it is unclear to what extent women consider surgery as a career before embarking on their medical school journey. This study aimed to report the percentage of pre-medical women in Pakistan who intend to eventually specialize in surgery and assess the factors motivating and deterring this decision. Methods An online survey was conducted among female pre-medical (high school) students across Pakistan. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine motivating and deterring factors associated with the intention to pursue surgery. Results Out of 1219 female high-school students, 764 (62.7) intended to join medical school. Among these 764, only 9.8% reported an exclusive intent to pursue surgery, while just 20.3% reported considering other specialties in addition to surgery. Significant motivators to pursue surgery exclusively were the intellectual satisfaction of pursuing surgery (adjusted odds ratio: 2.302), having opportunities to travel internationally for work (2.300) and use cuttingedge technology (2.203), interest in the specialty of surgery (2.031), the social prestige of becoming a surgeon (1.910), and considering one's personality well-suited to surgery (1.888). Major deterrents included the lack of interest in surgery (adjusted odds ratio: 3.812), surgical education and training being too difficult (2.440) and lengthy (1.404), and the risk of aggressive behavior from patients (2.239). Conclusion Even before entering medical school, most female pre-medical students have already decided against considering a future surgical career. Deterrents likely stem from women being pressured to conform to deep-seated societal expectations to dedicate their time and energy to domestic responsibilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Intention to Pursue Surgery among Female Pre‐Medical Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Pakistan

et al. 2022

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“…Effective mentorship is essential for developing career plans and positively relates to student success, particularly for minority students in medicine who may face unique challenges such as estrangement, imposter syndrome, and familial or cultural expectations that do not align with a career in the sciences 10,11,27–29 . Our study found that applicants valued mentorship and faculty and resident diversity in summer programs, with race‐congruent mentorship known to positively influence underrepresented students, although not necessary for successful outcomes 30 . Students reported better access and support when paired with mentors of the same race or gender, and over half of women and ethnic minority students pursuing STEM felt that having a gender and ethnically matched STEM professional contributed to their scientific identity 27,31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…10,11,[27][28][29] Our study found that applicants valued mentorship and faculty and resident diversity in summer programs, with race-congruent mentorship known to positively influence underrepresented students, although not necessary for successful outcomes. 30 Students reported better access and support when paired with mentors of the same race or gender, and over half of women and ethnic minority students pursuing STEM felt that having a gender and ethnically matched STEM professional contributed to their scientific identity. 27,31 However, matching underrepresented students with URiM faculty in otolaryngology is challenging due to the limited availability of such mentors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Underrepresented in Medicine Student Perspectives on the Selection of a Summer Research Program

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesMany summer research programs (SRPs) for URiM students exist; however, only a few have been established by otolaryngology programs, who have a unique opportunity to provide a diverse experience. We sought to assess URiM undergraduate student perspectives on the most valuable program features that influence decision‐making and how this might be useful to otolaryngology programs seeking to establish pathway programs.Materials and MethodsAn externally facing REDCap survey composed of 37 questions in scaled, multiple‐choice, and open‐ended form. The survey was delivered to applicants via email over two time periods in April 2021 and February 2022. All survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and categorized according to demographic information, program features, and advertising mechanisms.ResultsSeventy‐one percent of our applicants self‐identified as URiM. Over 60% experienced financial hardship, and 31% experienced educational hardship. The single most important feature when selecting a summer research program (SRP) was access to mentorship followed by clinical shadowing and research opportunities. When program features were aggregated into groups, institutional features were the most important, followed closely by funding features. Finally, students prefer to learn about SRPs through their university, followed by social media, despite many students learning about our program through other means.ConclusionsPaid programs with effective advertising, research, mentoring, and clinical shadowing are highly valued by URiM undergraduate students. Understanding student perspectives is critical for programs aiming to address the “leaky pipeline” while being deliberate in their support of underrepresented students.Level of Evidence5 Laryngoscope, 2023

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“…As the population of the United States becomes increasingly diverse, there is an ever greater need to ensure a correspondingly representative and culturally competent workforce 1‐5 . Diversity and cultural competency within healthcare systems has been linked with increased levels of innovation, improved outcomes, and greater satisfaction among staff and patients 6‐9 . In an effort to encourage the development of a representative workforce, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education required programs to implement policies and procedures specific to the recruitment and retention of minorities underrepresented in medicine and medical leadership as part of their 2019 Common Program Requirements for residency 10 .…”

Section: Key Term Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Faculty Perception of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Within Academic Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Departments

Renslo

Sawaf

Virgen

et al. 2023

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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ObjectiveInvestigating faculty perceptions of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) among academic otolaryngology programs.Study DesignQuantitative survey.SettingAcademic otolaryngology departments.MethodsThe DEI Inventory was developed by a multi‐institutional health equity consortium and disseminated within 16 academic otolaryngology programs. The inventory consisted of 25 items graded on a 5‐point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree), 2 yes/no questions, and 5 items reflecting overall DEI, stress, and burnout among academic otolaryngologists. Validated imposter phenomenon and personality trait measures were also included.ResultsThe inventory received 158 (31.0%) partial and 111 (21.8%) full responses. No significant differences were identified in DEI scores by race. Compared to males, females reported lower scores on the overall DEI Inventory (3.6 vs 4.3, p < .001). Female respondents also reported greater levels of imposter phenomenon than their male counterparts (53.2 vs 47.5, p = .049).ConclusionPreliminary responses to our DEI Inventory suggest that faculty perception of DEI is not impacted by race. Female faculty report considerably lower perceptions of DEI than their male counterparts and experience greater levels of imposter phenomenon. The results of the DEI Inventory can help departments design meaningful interventions to improve levels of DEI among faculty.

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Predictors of Satisfying and Impactful Clinical Shadowing Experiences for Underrepresented Minority High School Students Interested in Healthcare Careers

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Factors Influencing the Intention to Pursue Surgery among Female Pre‐Medical Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Pakistan

Factors Influencing the Intention to Pursue Surgery among Female Pre‐Medical Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Pakistan

Underrepresented in Medicine Student Perspectives on the Selection of a Summer Research Program

Quantifying Faculty Perception of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Within Academic Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Departments

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