Predictors of seizure outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis: A clinical and morphometric quantitative analysis study

Steriade, Claude; Patel, Palak; Haynes, Jennifer; Desai, Ninad; Daoud, Nader; Yuan, Heidi; Borges, Helen; Pardoe, Heath R.

doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107854

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107854

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Predictors of seizure outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis: A clinical and morphometric quantitative analysis study

Claude Steriade

Palak Patel

Jennifer Haynes

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Autoimmune‐associated seizure disorders

Smith,

Budhram,

Geis

et al. 2024

Epileptic Disorders

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With the discovery of an expanding number of neural autoantibodies, autoimmune etiologies of seizures have been increasingly recognized. Clinical phenotypes have been identified in association with specific underlying antibodies, allowing an earlier diagnosis. These phenotypes include faciobrachial dystonic seizures with LGI1 encephalitis, neuropsychiatric presentations associated with movement disorders and seizures in NMDA‐receptor encephalitis, and chronic temporal lobe epilepsy in GAD65 neurologic autoimmunity. Prompt recognition of these disorders is important, as some of them are highly responsive to immunotherapy. The response to immunotherapy is highest in patients with encephalitis secondary to antibodies targeting cell surface synaptic antigens. However, the response is less effective in conditions involving antibodies binding intracellular antigens or in Rasmussen syndrome, which are predominantly mediated by cytotoxic T‐cell processes that are associated with irreversible cellular destruction. Autoimmune encephalitides also may have a paraneoplastic etiology, further emphasizing the importance of recognizing these disorders. Finally, autoimmune processes and responses to novel immunotherapies have been reported in new‐onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) and febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), warranting their inclusion in any current review of autoimmune‐associated seizure disorders.

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Autoimmune‐associated seizure disorders

Smith,

Budhram,

Geis

et al. 2024

Epileptic Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Prognostic factors underlying the development of drug-resistant epilepsy in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study

Huang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

J Neurol

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Predictors of seizure outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis: A clinical and morphometric quantitative analysis study

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Autoimmune‐associated seizure disorders

Autoimmune‐associated seizure disorders

Prognostic factors underlying the development of drug-resistant epilepsy in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study

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