Predictors of smoking among the secondary high school boy students based on the health belief model

Abstract

Background:Smoking is one of the most important risk factors for health and also health problems, such as heart diseases, especially for young people. This study aimed to investigate the effect of factors related to smoking among the secondary high school students in the city of Marivan (Kurdistan-Iran), in 2015, based on the constructs of health belief model (HBM).Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in 470 secondary high school students in Marivan in 2015. The samples were selected by random cluster sampling. A question with four sections was used to collect data (demographic questions, knowledge section, attitude section, and questions related to e constructs of HBM).Results:According to the results, the correlation of smoking was stronger with attitude (r = 0.269 and odds ratio = 0.89) but weaker with perceived barriers (r = 0.101). There was not a significant correlation between smoking behavior and knowledge of the harms of smoking (r = −0.005). Moreover, Cues to action was effective predictor of smoking behavior (r = 0.259).Conclusions:The findings of this study show that the prevalence of smoking in the studied sample is somewhat lower than other regions of Iran, but it should be noted that if no interventions are done to prevent smoking in this age group. The findings of the study also showed that the structure of attitudes, self-efficacy, and Cues to action are the strongest predictors of smoking among students. Albeit, attitude was strongest predictor of smoking that shows the prevalence of smoking can be reduced by focusing in this part. Considering the mean age of participants (16/2 ± 0.25 years), that shows the riskiest period for smoking is 16 years and authorities can make change in policies of cigarette selling only for over 18 years.

Changes in the Sociodemographic Factors of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption in Chinese Adolescents from 2004 to 2011

“…Thus, schools should pay considerable attention to students who either drink or smoke to prevent them from starting the other behavior. Attitude, knowledge [ 49 ], self-efficacy, and cues to action [ 50 ] are considered strong predictors of smoking behavior. Future studies should consider the predictive effect of one behavior on another.…”

Can the Health Belief Model and moral responsibility explain influenza vaccination uptake among nurses?

“…The HBM has identified six factors that are associated with the performance of a health-related behaviour: (a) perceived susceptibility of the health threat; (b) perceived severity of the health threat; (c) perceived benefits associated with the behaviour; (d) perceived barriers associated with the behaviour; (e) cues to action; and (f) self-efficacy (Janz & Becker, 1984;Rutter & Quine, 2002). The HBM has been used extensively to explain various health behaviours including smoking (Mohammadi et al, 2017), dietary behaviours (Khoramabadi et al, 2016), exercise (Soleymanian, Niknami, Hajizadeh, Shojaeizadeh, & Montazeri, 2014;Villar et al, 2017), HIV risky behaviour (Zhao et al, 2012) and vaccine uptake (Vermandere et al, 2016). To our knowledge, no study has investigated factors associated with the uptake of influenza vaccination among nurses in Hong Kong using the HBM.…”

Comparative effect of micro needling and its impact on training in water during the treatment of women with varicose legs

“…Thus, the low level of mothers' knowledge and correct information or insuffi cient attention to puberty issues can be reasons behind the lack of knowledge of these adolescents. As noted in studies done by Abdollahi et al (Âbdollahy, Shabankhani& Khani, 2004), Olfati et al (Olfati& Aligholi,2008), Koff et al (Koff& Rierdan, 2008), Afsari et al (Afsari, Valizadeh, Fatahi, et al2017), Valizadeh et al in 2017 Mohammadi et al (Mohammadi, Ghajari, Valizade, et al, 2017) and (Valizadeh, Ghaajari, Ghaderi, 2016, there was a direct relationship between the amount of primary information and adequacy of information, and knowledge.…”