Predictors of smoking in cars with nonsmokers: Findings from the 2007 Wave of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey

Hitchman, Sara C.; Fong, Geoffrey T.; Borland, Ron; Hyland, Andrew

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq008

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our results show that the prevalence of smokefree rules in cars among people living in a smoker household was consistently as low as 35% from 2001 to 2009. Given the scarcity of the data on smoking in cars, existing studies have only focused on the prevalence of car smokefree rules for specific state, ethnicity, children subgroups, or a certain year28–32 While previous studies indicated that around 23% of children were exposed to SHS in cars in 2009 and 44% of smokers smoked in cars with nonsmokers in 2007/2008,28 30 our findings indicated that, in general, 66% of people living with smokers reported that smoking was allowed in their cars in 2009. This evidence indicated a higher prevalence of potential SHS exposure in cars, and tobacco control efforts are urgently needed to promote smokefree cars, especially when children are present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between clean indoor air laws and voluntary smokefree rules in homes and cars

et al. 2013

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Objectives This study examines the influence that smokefree workplaces, restaurants, and bars on the adoption of smokefree rules in homes and cars and whether the adoptions of home and car smokefree rule are associated. Methods Bivariate probit models were used to jointly estimate the likelihood of living in a smokefree home and having a smokefree car as a function of law coverage and other variables. Household data are from the nationally representative Social Climate Survey of Tobacco Control 2001, 2002, and 2004–2009; clean indoor air law data comes from the American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation Tobacco Control Laws Database. Results Both “full coverage” and “partial coverage” smokefree legislations are associated with an increased likelihood of having voluntary home and car smokefree rules compared with “no coverage”. The association between “full coverage” and smokefree rule in homes and cars is 5% and 4%, respectively, and the association between “partial coverage” and smokefree rule in homes and cars is 3% and 4%, respectively. There is a positive association between the adoption of home and car smokefree rules. Conclusions Clean indoor air laws provide the additional benefit of encouraging voluntary adoption of smokefree rules in homes and cars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between clean indoor air laws and voluntary smokefree rules in homes and cars

et al. 2013

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“…However, it is unclear what the prevalence has become in recent years. Furthermore, research has examined voluntary smoke-free rules in cars (10–12) and has found overwhelming support among the US general population for voluntary smoke-free car policies when children are present (13). Yet, support for voluntary car rules has not been examined among households with children and at least 1 smoking parent, a vulnerable subset of households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Practices and Attitudes Related to Smoke-Free Rules in Homes, Cars, and Outdoor Playgrounds in US Households With Underage Children and Smokers, 2010–2011

Xiao¹,

Martínez-Donate²,

Rhoads³

2015

Prev. Chronic Dis.

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IntroductionA smoke-free environment protects children from exposure to involuntary smoke and also can reduce or prevent future smoking behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine levels and correlates of parental behavior and attitudes related to voluntary smoke-free rules in homes, cars, and outdoor children’s play areas among US households with underage children and 1 or more smoking parents.MethodsWe used data from the 2010–2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey and logistic regressions to model behavior and attitudes related to voluntary smoke-free rules in 3 settings.ResultsOverall, 60.1% of households with children and at least 1 smoking parent had voluntary smoke-free home rules. Approximately 84.6% and 71.5% of parents thought that smoking should not be allowed inside cars with children present and in outdoor play areas, respectively. Positive parental behavior and attitudes related to voluntary smoke-free rules were more likely among households with 2 parents, parents of higher education and household income, Hispanic parents, and parents of infants (P < .05).ConclusionTobacco control and prevention efforts are needed to promote the voluntary adoption of smoke-free rules in homes, private cars, and outdoor children’s play areas. Most parents from smoker households with underage children were supportive of smoke-free laws for cars and outdoor children’s play areas, providing evidence and encouragement to policy makers to take action to restrict smoking in these locations.

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“…A detailed review of these hazard levels made the following conclusions: ‘i) because of the confined cabin space, and ii) under the worst ventilation conditions, and iii) in terms of peak contamination, the evidence permits us to say that smoking in cars generates fine particulate concentrations that are, iv) very rarely experienced in the realm of air-quality studies, and that will thus constitute a significant health risk because, v) exposure to smoking in cars is still commonplace, and vi) children are particularly susceptible …’ 9. Survey data from 2007 indicate that over 40% of smokers in the USA smoke in cars with non-smokers present 10. A number of jurisdictions require smoke-free vehicles when children are in the vehicle, including provinces and states in Australia, Canada and the USA 11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective measurement of area differences in ‘private’ smoking behaviour: observing smoking in vehicles

2011

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Predictors of smoking in cars with nonsmokers: Findings from the 2007 Wave of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Association between clean indoor air laws and voluntary smokefree rules in homes and cars

Association between clean indoor air laws and voluntary smokefree rules in homes and cars

Parental Practices and Attitudes Related to Smoke-Free Rules in Homes, Cars, and Outdoor Playgrounds in US Households With Underage Children and Smokers, 2010–2011

Objective measurement of area differences in ‘private’ smoking behaviour: observing smoking in vehicles

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