Predictors of Treatment Outcome for Retreatment Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases among Tribal People of an Eastern India District: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Objective. The study was conducted to assess the treatment outcome of different category retreatment cases with the aim of finding out the important predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Methodology. This hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted in three tuberculosis units (TUs) of west Midnapore (a district of Eastern India), covering mostly the tribal populated areas. Patients who were registered for Category II antituberculosis treatment between 1st quarter of 2013 (Jan to Mar) and 4th quarter of 2013 (Oct to Dec) were considered as our study cohort and they were followed up till December 2014. The study was started with 177 patients but ultimately ended with 165 patients. Results. Unfavorable outcome was observed among 24.8% patients. Among them mostly 51.2% were defaulter, 22% were failure case, and 26.8% died during treatment. Patients, who were minority by religion, were found 4 times more vulnerable for unfavorable outcome. Unfavorable outcome was found 7 times more common among retreatment TB cases who remain sputum positive after completion of initiation phase of Category II treatment. Conclusion. Programmatic approach should be specified to address the minority by religion population and to reduce the load of sputum positive cases after completion of initiation phase treatment by tracking them.

Tuberculosis Re-Treatment Cases and Factors Associated with Unfavourable Outcome at the Fann University Hospital of Dakar, Senegal between 2011 and 2016: A Follow-Up Study

“…Ravahatra [12] reported a rate of 35.84% of favourable outcome. Nevertheless, these rates are much lower than those reported by Saha [13] (75.2%) in India and by Agodokpessi [14] (80%) in Benin.…”

“…Regarding success by type of tuberculosis in our series, patients undergoing re-treatment after treatment after default or failure of tuberculosis treatment had more unfavourable outcomes than patients who were relapsing treatment. Saha [13] had found that the rate of unfavourable treatment outcome was more frequent on defaulter also. For Gninafon [10], the therapeutic success rate was comparable between relapses (80%) and failures (85%), but significantly lower (p < 0.01) for treatment after default (59%).…”

Cattle‐associated risk factors for human tuberculosis in rural livestock‐keeping communities, Uganda

“…Characteristics identified as risk factors for TB based on prior evidence were: as follows inadequate ventilation (Mfinanga et al, ), approximated by “Number of windows”; crowding within the household (Waziri et al, ), approximated by “Number of people sleeping together in a single room”; knowledge of TB, judged to be “yes” if the response to the household survey question “Have you heard of [zoonotic] diseases before,” was “TB” or “yes, TB” (Katale et al, ); religion, defined by the corresponding household survey question (Saha, ); self‐reported age (Yen et al, ); exposure to human TB cases, defined by TST results in other household members; and socioeconomic status (SES) (Siroka et al, ), approximated by house structure, number of rooms in the home, cattle herd size and educational attainment of household survey respondent.…”

High mortality during tuberculosis retreatment at a Ghanaian tertiary center: a retrospective cohort study

“…Similarly, delayed return to care and resulting advanced disease may also explain our finding of increased mortality in those presenting after LTFU (aHR=8.27). Cohorts from India and Uganda have also shown higher mortality amongst RT-TB patients returning after LTFU [12, 14]. Attempts for early recognition of LTFU and innovated methods for rapid re-engagement in care may also be critical to lower RT-TB mortality rates.…”