Predictors of Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS Patients Referred to Behavioral Diseases Consultation Center: A Registry-Based Study in Abadan, Southwest of Iran

Abstract

Background: In the world, it is estimated that 36.9 million people are living with HIV (PLHIV). Tuberculosis (TB) remains as the leading cause of death among PLHIV. This study aimed to determine the predictors of TB among HIV positive patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the data from 366 patients with HIV/AIDS acquired from 2010 to 2013 in Abadan and Khorramshahr cities, southwest of Iran. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from patients' medical records in Abadan and Khorramshahr triangular clinics. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify TB predictors among HIV/AIDS patients. Results: The prevalence of TB patients was 21.9% among HIV patients. About 57.4% of the patients were below 35 years of age, and most of them (85.5%) were male. Univariate logistic regression showed a statistically significant association between the occurrence of TB and explanatory variables including sex, imprisonment history, HCV and HBV status, addiction, stage of disease, CD4 cell and TLC (Total lymphocyte count) count. In multivariate analysis, being addicted (adjusted OR = 7.03, 95% CI: 1.28, 38.66) and positive HBV (adjusted OR = 4.28, 95% CI: 1.53, 12.00) were associated with incidence of TB after adjusting for age, sex, phase at diagnosis, addiction and HBV status. Conclusions: Addiction and HBV infection can be considered as predictors of incidence of TB in HIV/AIDS patients then early diagnosis of TB especially in higher-risk groups, such as those with addiction and HBV infection is recommended.

Predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in east and west Gojjam, northwest, Ethiopia, 2017

“…Nevertheless, in contrast to the study conducted in Gambia [21] alcohol use is not associated with TB infection, this is because of socio-demography, sampling technique difference and sample size. Smoking was not associated with increased TB infection in this study; this is in agreement with previous study conducted in Addis Ababa [22]. However, in other study conducted in West Africa [19], which identi ed smoking as predictors for increased TB infection among HIV infected adults, this difference was probably due to sample size difference, social desirability bias where smokers deprived of their smoking status in this study.…”

“…On the other hand, malnutrition can aggravate the immune de ciency and increase the risk of active TB. Building on the existing knowledge this study also found out that low body mass index increased the likelihood of tuberculosis infection [22,27]. [34].…”

Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis occurrence among adults on antiretroviral therapy at Debre Markos referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: retrospective follow-up study

“…Tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequently diagnosed opportunistic infection among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). It remains one of the world's leading causes of ill health and death among PLHIV [1][2][3][4][5]. Due to the immunological impairment associated to HIV infection, PLHIV are at higher risk of developing TB [6].…”

Predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and West Gojjam zone, northwest, Ethiopia, 2017

“…On the other hand, malnutrition can aggravate the immune deficiency and increase the risk of active TB. Building on the existing knowledge this study also found out that low body mass index increased the likelihood of tuberculosis infection [22,27]. [34].…”