Predictors of Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensive Individuals: First Population‐Based Study in Lebanon

Abstract

Arterial hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. This study aimed to assess the predictors of uncontrolled systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in Lebanon among treated hypertensive individuals. The authors included 562 participants 40 years and older. The potential predictors included sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported health information, and medication adherence. Prevalence of uncontrolled systolic and diastolic BP reached 43.1% and 24.9%, respectively. Independent predictors of uncontrolled systolic BP were older age, male sex, and low and medium medication adherence level. Predictors of uncontrolled diastolic BP were younger age, obesity, and low medication adherence level. Married individuals and patients taking statins had better diastolic BP control. Uncontrolled BP is a major public health problem in Lebanon. The authors identified low adherence as a major modifiable risk factor for systolic and diastolic BP control and obesity as a major modifiable risk factor for diastolic BP control.

Uncontrolled hypertension and associated factors among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at Jimma University Teaching and Specialized Hospital: cross-sectional study

“…In this study, the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension is 52.7%, which is almost consistent with studies done at Gondar University Hospital, in northwest Ethiopia, Lebanon, USA, and reported as 53.4%, 51.1%, and 54%, 8,10,26 respectively. However, it is lower compared to study done in Singapore, and two different health institutions in Nigeria, which was reported as 62.3%, 62.3%, and 75.8%, respectively, 27,28 and this difference might be due to difference in study population (community vs hospital-based study) in Singapore and the difference of urbanization, which is more in Nigeria than Ethiopia and mainly because of discrepancies in environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors such as feeding habits and sedentary lifestyles that bring hypertension to be difficult to control.…”

Independent predictors of effective blood pressure control in patients with hypertension on drug treatment in Brazil

“…In our study, the multivariate analysis showed that men had 32% lower odds of having controlled BP. This finding aligns with those of other studies . As a variable, sex is intrinsically associated with other behavior (eg, increased demand for health care, differing rates of adherence to treatment, and alcohol consumption) and factors (eg, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome) that could be associated with BP control.…”

“…Despite tobacco being confirmed as a classic risk factor for CVD, no significant association was found between tobacco and BP control in our study. Similar results have been found in ALLHAT and in a Lebanese study . Finally, history of CVD was associated with higher odds of having controlled BP, consistent with results from ALLHAT …”

“…Older age (>60 years) and obesity are two factors that are consolidated in the literature as predictors of reduced BP control . However, when the association analysis was performed according to sex, it was observed that only younger age in women (<60 years) was associated with better BP control.…”

“…Older age (>60 years) and obesity are two factors that are consolidated in the literature as predictors of reduced BP control. 6,[23][24][25][26] However, when the association analysis was performed according to sex, it was observed that only younger age in women (<60 years) was associated with better BP control. In contrast, in men, there was a lower percentage of younger patients with controlled BP, although this difference was not statistically significant.…”