Predictors of Under Nutrition and Its Implication toward HIV Continuum Care among Adult People Living with HIV in Jimma Zone Public Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia: A Mixed Method Study

Tekelehaimanot, Aderajew Nigusse; Lemma, Tefera Belachew; Gudina, Esayas Kebede; Getnet, Masrie; Amdisa, Demuma; Dadi, Lelisa Sena

doi:10.1177/2325958220976254

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This finding is similar to the study conducted in Ethiopia in 2015 at Hosanna town Nekemt Referral Hospital, and Dilla University Referral Hospital ( 9 , 10 , 24 ). It is also consistent with recently published studies conducted in other regions of Ethiopia and Zimbabwe ( 15 – 17 , 19 , 21 , 22 ). It is known that in advanced WHO clinical stages III and IV of the AIDs disease, the patient develops many opportunistic infections that affect the appetite and it is the stage at which people are unable to eat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018

Regassa

Abera

2022

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundNutritional issues are common in people with Human Immune Virus (HIV). At some point, almost everyone living with HIV faces challenges in maintaining good nutrition. There is insufficient evidence-based information on undernutrition in adults living with HIV on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy.ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among patients receiving Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in health facilities in the Bench Maji Zone, southwest Ethiopia in 2018.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed from 1 May to 30 June 2018 on 1,007 study subjects and the participants were selected by using a consecutive sampling technique. Five health facilities were selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were entered into Epi Data Statistical software version 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with undernutrition in adults receiving ART. Odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used to examine associations between dependent and independent variables.ResultOf the total 1,007 study subjects, 961 participated in the study. More than half of the participants were female (61.2%), 57.2% were married and 42.9% were in the 30–39 years age group. In this study, the level of undernutrition among patients on antiretroviral therapy was 16%. Age ≥50 [AOR 2.5, 95% CI (1.1–5.6)], being single [AOR 2.2, 95% CI (1.4–3.7)], developing gastrointestinal symptoms [AOR 2.6, 95% CI (1.5–4.4)] and in WHO-defined clinical stages III and IV of HIV/AIDS [AOR 2.8, 95% CI (1.3–6.0)] were found to have a statistically significant association with undernutrition.ConclusionSignificant numbers of people on highly active antiretroviral therapy in the study area were undernourished. This demonstrated that HIV/AIDs and its treatment directly or indirectly impacted the nutritional status of the patients, who need a critical follow-up from health workers. Age, marital status, progressing to WHO-defined clinical stage of disease, and development of gastrointestinal symptoms were identified as factors that contribute to undernutrition among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. The health care workers and experts working at the ART clinic should focus on patient counseling regarding the early prevention, detection, and treatment of opportunistic infections. Early health-seeking behaviors before the AIDs stage and critical follow-up are the first actions to identify undernutrition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018

Regassa

Abera

2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…In 2018, an estimated 1.7 million children (aged <15 years) were living with HIV worldwide [ 13 , 14 ]. In the same year, in Ethiopia, 44229 children were diagnosed with HIV and 2055 died related to AIDS [ 9 , 15 ]. Undernutrition in all its forms remains a global public health burden that accounts for 45% of all deaths for people living with HIV [ 2 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Undernutrition and Predictors on the Survival Status of HIV-Positive Children after Started Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Northwest Ethiopia

Molla

Kebede

et al. 2022

International Journal of Pediatrics

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Malnutrition and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have complex and multidirectional relationships. Ethiopia is one of the countries hardest hit by the HIV epidemic as well as malnutrition. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of undernutrition on the survival status of HIV-positive children who received HIV/AIDS care in Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and Methods. A facility-based retrospective follow-up was conducted from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2020. The data was entered into EpiData version 4.2.0. Then, the entered data was exported to STATA 14 software for further analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate survival time after the initiation of ART. The Bivariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of mortality associated with undernutrition. Results. The mean (±SD) age of participant children was found 118.4 (±38.24) months. The overall mortality rate in this study was determined as 5.4 per 100 child-years (95% CI: 3.6, 5.8). Children with CD4 cell counts below the threshold [ AHR = 1.6 ; 95% CI (1.19, 7.85)], advanced WHO clinical stages (III and IV) HIV [ AHR = 4.5 ; 95% CI (2.80, 8.40)], and being severe stunting at the beginning [ AHR = 2.9 ; 95% CI (1.80, 6.40)] were significantly associated with mortality of HIV-positive children. Conclusion. The findings of the current study indicated that HIV-positive children on ART had a high rate of mortality. Baseline undernutrition has the mortality of children who had CD4 counts below a threshold, advanced WHO HIV clinical staging (III and IV), and being severe stunting ( HAZ ≤ − 3 Z score) which were found to be independent predictors for mortality of undernourished HIV.

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“…However, many studies, including those of Alebel and Lewis, support this view and consider malnutrition to be a factor in the progression of HIV. [ 24 25 26 ] Of course, as mentioned earlier, malnutrition and HIV are related, and at the same time, exacerbate each other. As HIV disrupts the immune system of the infected people and increases their vulnerability to infections, the infections lead to an increase in nutrient deficiencies and, if not supplemented, lead to malnutrition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Different diets and their effect on tuberculosis prevention in HIV patients

Kouhpayeh

2022

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Introduction: The relationship between nutrition and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases is logically proven. Nutrition affects the immune system and the health of the organs. Inadequate dietary intake endangers the immune system, which itself increases susceptibility to disease and often culminates in active disease. The disease then reduces the body’s appetite and ability to absorb nutrients, and the cycle continues. Considering the importance of the role of nutrition in the health of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, this current review aimed to discuss the different diets and their effects on tuberculosis (TB) prevention in HIV patients. Method and Materials: The present study evaluates the important points related to AIDS and the prevention and treatment of this disease by considering the diet and known scientific cases during the last 10 years, in simple terms, the prevalence of this disease. Result: Articles were searched by valid databases in May 2021. The findings showed that in addition to malnutrition, the high prevalence of infectious diseases can have serious consequences for public health. Many people will be safe from getting infections if there are safe and effective interventions for many of these infectious diseases. Conclusion: Based on the information presented herein, it is clear that TB affects the nutritional status. Many patients with active TB experience severe weight loss, and many people with the symptoms show a lack of vitamins and minerals.

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Predictors of Under Nutrition and Its Implication toward HIV Continuum Care among Adult People Living with HIV in Jimma Zone Public Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia: A Mixed Method Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018

Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018

Effects of Undernutrition and Predictors on the Survival Status of HIV-Positive Children after Started Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Northwest Ethiopia

Different diets and their effect on tuberculosis prevention in HIV patients

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