Prednisolone Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial of 147 Infants

Bülow, Susanne M.; Nir, Marta; Levin, Edward D.; Friis, B; Thomsen, Laura H.; Nielsen, Jens Erik; Holm, Jens Christian; Møller, Tina; Bonde-Hansen, Mie E.; Nielsen, H. E.

doi:10.1542/peds.104.6.e77

Cited by 89 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…We purposely did not explore whether the types or amounts of drug therapy provided were important explanatory variables because of the lack of consistent evidence for both a clear-cut and sustained benefit from bronchodilators or corticosteroids. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] (We have, however, reported on institutional differences in the types of treatment provided. )…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Admission Rates of Children With Bronchiolitis by Pediatric and General Emergency Departments

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. Objective. It is uncertain whether pediatric and general emergency departments have different admitting practices regarding children with bronchiolitis. The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in admission practices between pediatric and general emergency departments of children with bronchiolitis in 1 North American metropolitan area, controlling for various factors such as clinical severity, comorbid conditions, and socioeconomic status.Design. Retrospective cohort review of emergency department visits from April 1992 to March 1997.Setting. Five emergency departments (1 pediatric and 4 general) serving the Calgary Health Region, which encompasses ϳ850 000 people.Patients. All children residing within the region who visited a regional emergency department and were diagnosed to have bronchiolitis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 466.1, primary or secondary diagnosis).Main Outcome Measure. Population-standardized estimates of admission rates.Results. The medical charts of 3091 children diagnosed to have bronchiolitis during the study period were reviewed. Of this number, 2496 children were evaluated at the pediatric emergency department, and 629 (25%) were admitted. The remaining 595 (19%) were evaluated at the general emergency departments, and 221 (37%) were admitted. Controlling for age, gender, estimated family income based on postal code, medical comorbidity, and clinical severity estimated by presenting respiratory rate and room air oxygen saturation, populationstandardized estimates for admission rates at the pediatric and general emergency departments were 24% (standard error: 1%) and 43% (standard error: 2%), respectively.Conclusion. Children diagnosed to have bronchiolitis at the Calgary Health Region's pediatric emergency department were about half as likely to be admitted to the hospital as children diagnosed at the region's general emergency departments. Pediatrics 2002;110(4). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/110/4/e49; bronchiolitis, hospitalization rates, practice variation, emergency department. ABBREVIATIONS. CHR, Calgary Health Region; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision; CI, confidence interval. B ronchiolitis is an extremely common childhood disease that accounts for a significant proportion of pediatric hospitalizations. 1 Investigators, using the technique of small-area analysis, have found marked variations in hospitalization rates of children with bronchiolitis with reports of up to sixfold differences in rates per 100 000 children. [2][3][4] This degree of variation is not unique to bronchiolitis, in that substantial variations in rates have been documented for a number of surgical procedures and diseases. 5,6 Although controversy exists as to which factors, in general, are most responsible for the variability in medical practices, in most cases differences in health care access and socioeconomic factors account for at least some proportion of the variability. 5,6 Likewise, in the case of b...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Admission Rates of Children With Bronchiolitis by Pediatric and General Emergency Departments

et al. 2002

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“…1,71,72 A Cochrane database review on the use of glucocorticoids for acute bronchiolitis 71 included 13 studies. 37,50,64,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82] The 1198 patients showed a pooled decrease in length of stay of 0.38 days. However, this decrease was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Recommendation 3 Corticosteroid Medications Should Not Be Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis

2006

Pediatrics

885

293

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Bronchiolitis is a disorder most commonly caused in infants by viral lower respiratory tract infection. It is the most common lower respiratory infection in this age group. It is characterized by acute inflammation, edema, and necrosis of epithelial cells lining small airways, increased mucus production, and bronchospasm.The American Academy of Pediatrics convened a committee composed of primary care physicians and specialists in the fields of pulmonology, infectious disease, emergency medicine, epidemiology, and medical informatics. The committee partnered with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the RTI International-University of North Carolina Evidence-Based Practice Center to develop a comprehensive review of the evidence-based literature related to the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. The resulting evidence report and other sources of data were used to formulate clinical practice guideline recommendations.This guideline addresses the diagnosis of bronchiolitis as well as various therapeutic interventions including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antiviral and antibacterial agents, hydration, chest physiotherapy, and oxygen. Recommendations are made for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection with palivizumab and the control of nosocomial spread of infection. Decisions were made on the basis of a systematic grading of the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation. The clinical practice guideline underwent comprehensive peer review before it was approved by the American Academy of Pediatrics.This clinical practice guideline is not intended as a sole source of guidance in the management of children with bronchiolitis. Rather, it is intended to assist clinicians in decision-making. It is not intended to replace clinical judgment or establish a protocol for the care of all children with this condition. These recommendations may not provide the only appropriate approach to the management of children with bronchiolitis. INTRODUCTIONTHIS GUIDELINE EXAMINES the published evidence on diagnosis and acute management of the child with bronchiolitis in both outpatient and hospital settings, including the roles of supportive therapy, oxygen, bronchodilators, antiinflammatory agents, antibacterial agents, and antiviral agents and make recommendations to influence clinician behavior on the basis of the evidence. Methods of prevention All clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics automatically expire 5 years after publication unless reaffirmed, revised, or retired at or before that time.The recommendations in this guideline do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate. Key Word bronchiolitisAbbreviations CAM-complementary and alternative medicine LRTI-lower respiratory tract infection AHRQ-Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality RSV-respiratory syncytial virus AAP-American Academy of Pediatrics AAFP-American Academy...

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“…[7][8][9][10] Although a recent meta-analysis demonstrated an association between corticosteroid use and a decrease in length of hospital stay by 0.4 days, 11 recent large clinical trials leave little optimism regarding corticosteroid use in bronchiolitis. [12][13][14][15][16][17] In contrast, a number of trials, reviews, and a meta-analysis suggest that a subpopulation of infants with bronchiolitis benefit from ␤-agonists administration. 18 -22 These data, however, are balanced with a meta-analysis and several trials that fail to show any effects.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bronchiolitis Management Preferences and the Influence of Pulse Oximetry and Respiratory Rate on the Decision to Admit

et al. 2003

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ABSTRACT. Objective. High incidence, rising admission rates, and relatively ineffective therapies make the management of bronchiolitis controversial. Since 1980, the rate of hospitalization for children with bronchiolitis has increased by nearly 250%, whereas mortality rates for the disease have remained constant. It has been speculated that the increasing use of pulse oximetry has lowered the threshold for admission and may have contributed to the rise in bronchiolitis-related admissions. The objective of this study was to describe pediatric emergency medicine physicians' management preferences regarding infants with moderately severe bronchiolitis and to assess the influence of specific differences in oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ) and respiratory rate (RR) on the decision to admit.Methods. Physicians who are members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section of Emergency Medicine and living in the United States were randomized into 4 groups and mailed a survey that contained 1 of 4 vignettes. Vignettes were identical except for given SpO 2 values (94% or 92%) and RR (50/min or 65/min). Subjects were asked to answer questions regarding laboratory tests, treatment options, and the decision to admit for the patient in their vignette.Results. We received completed surveys from 519 (64%) of the 812 physicians contacted. Most respondents recommended use of bronchodilators (96%), nasal suction (82%), and supplemental oxygen (57%). Few respondents recommended decongestants (9%), steroids (8%), or antibiotics (2%). When asked to rank therapies, respondents gave nasal suction 182 number 1 votes; bronchodilators received 164. The decision to admit varied with SpO 2 and RR. Forty-three percent of respondents who received a vignette featuring SpO 2 of 94% and a RR of 50/min recommended admission for the infant in their vignette. Fifty-eight percent recommended admission when the vignette SpO 2 was 94% and RR was 65/min ( 2 ‫؍‬ 5.021). Respondents who received a vignette with SpO 2 of 92% were nearly twice as likely to recommend admission: 83% recommended admission when vignette RR was 50/min, and 85% recommended admission when vignette RR was 65/min ( 2 ‫؍‬ 0.126).Conclusions. When treating infants with moderately severe bronchiolitis, pediatricians who work in emergency departments frequently use bronchodilators and nasal suction, 2 practices for which supporting data are either conflicting (bronchodilators) or nonexistent (nasal suction). In addition, their decisions to admit differ markedly on the basis of only a 2% difference in SpO 2 . It is possible that increased reliance on pulse oximetry has contributed to the increase in bronchiolitis hospitalization rates seen during the past 2 decades. Pediatrics 2003;111:e45-e51. URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/ content/full/111/1/e45; bronchiolitis, bronchodilators, steroids, nasal suction, pulse oximetry, practice variation.ABBREVIATIONS. Spo 2 , oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry; RR, respiratory rate; RSV, respiratory syncytial...

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Prednisolone Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial of 147 Infants

Cited by 89 publications

References 16 publications

Differences in Admission Rates of Children With Bronchiolitis by Pediatric and General Emergency Departments

Differences in Admission Rates of Children With Bronchiolitis by Pediatric and General Emergency Departments

Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis Management Preferences and the Influence of Pulse Oximetry and Respiratory Rate on the Decision to Admit

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