Predominance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea on granular activated carbon used in a full-scale advanced drinking water treatment plant

Kasuga, Ikuro; Nakagaki, Hirotaka; Kurisu, Futoshi; Furumai, Hiroaki

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.015

Cited by 84 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…One possibility was the presence of significant quantities of AOA, which has been reported in previous studies on BAC filters (45,46); qPCR targeting the amoA gene of known AOA, however, was negative (note that we have used this approach in pilot-scale BAC filters at the City of Minneapolis to successfully quantify amoA genes from AOA [unpublished results]). Next, the PCR targeting the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene and/or the Illumina MiSeq analyses could have been biased against the known AOB in some way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Bacterial Communities of Full-Scale Biologically Active, Granular Activated Carbon Filters Are Stable and Diverse and Potentially Contain Novel Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms

LaPara

Wilkinson

Strait

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The bacterial community composition of the full-scale biologically active, granular activated carbon (BAC) filters operated at the St. Paul Regional Water Services (SPRWS) was investigated using Illumina MiSeq analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. These bacterial communities were consistently diverse (Shannon index, >4.4; richness estimates, >1,500 unique operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) throughout the duration of the 12-month study period. In addition, only modest shifts in the quantities of individual bacterial populations were observed; of the 15 most prominent OTUs, the most highly variable population (a Variovorax sp.) modulated less than 13-fold over time and less than 8-fold from filter to filter. The most prominent population in the profiles was a Nitrospira sp., representing 13 to 21% of the community. Interestingly, very few of the known ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB; <0.07%) and no ammonia-oxidizing Archaea were detected in the profiles. Quantitative PCR of amoA genes, however, suggested that AOB were prominent in the bacterial communities (amoA/16S rRNA gene ratio, 1 to 10%). We conclude, therefore, that the BAC filters at the SPRWS potentially contained significant numbers of unidentified and novel ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms that possess amoA genes similar to those of previously described AOB. P ublic water utilities use surface water to produce high-quality, potable drinking water for almost 70% of the people residing in the United States (1). The conventional process for treating surface water involves a series of unit operations that include coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection (2). The application of these technologies has generally proven effective for protecting public health (2), although numerous exceptions have been reported (3). Given the presumptive safety of public water supplies, water consumers are increasingly concerned about the taste and odor of public water supplies as well as other esthetic concerns (4).Public water utilities, therefore, have begun to augment their treatment processes to specifically remove taste-and odor-causing compounds, such as geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (5-7). Although a few alternative technologies can be used, filtration using biologically active, granular activated carbon (BAC) has proven successful because of its simplicity (i.e., it is easily retrofitted into preexisting operations) and effectiveness (8, 9). Filtration with BAC differs from filtration with conventional granular media (e.g., sand and anthracite) because of its high sorptive capacity (6, 8) as well as the active biofilm that grows on its surface (10-13). The biofilm on the BAC filter medium provides direct biodegradation of dissolved geosmin as well as biological regeneration of the filter medium by metabolizing the initially sorbed geosmin as it desorbs from the carbon (8,14).In this study, we investigated the bacterial community dynamics of the full-scale BAC filters at the Saint Paul Regional Water Surfaces (SPRWS) in St. Pau...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Bacterial Communities of Full-Scale Biologically Active, Granular Activated Carbon Filters Are Stable and Diverse and Potentially Contain Novel Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms

LaPara

Wilkinson

Strait

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Their presence in biofilters removing THMs suggests that one potential reason for their dominance in these systems is their THM tolerance. Future research should broaden the nitrifier community analysis to include ammonia-oxidizing archaea, since they are being reported in drinking water systems (6,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Biofilters Removing Trihalomethanes Are Related to Nitrosomonas oligotropha

Wahman

Kirisits

Katz

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in nitrifying biofilters degrading four regulated trihalomethanestrichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and tribromomethane-were related to Nitrosomonas oligotropha. N. oligotropha is associated with chloraminated drinking water systems, and its presence in the biofilters might indicate that trihalomethane tolerance is another reason that this bacterium is dominant in chloraminated systems.No evidence indicates that trihalomethanes (THMs) support microbial growth, but previous research demonstrated that four regulated THMs-trichloromethane (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and tribromomethane (TBM)-were cometabolized in batch culture (15) by Nitrosomonas europaea (an ammonia oxidizer) and in batch culture (14) and laboratory-scale biofilters (16, 17) by mixed-culture nitrifiers. The current research extended such process evaluation by analyzing the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) present in biofilters through quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR) and amoA gene sequence analysis.Duplicate anthracite biofilters (1-min empty-bed contact time; 1.3 gallons min Ϫ1 ft Ϫ2 surface loading rate) were seeded with one of two mixed cultures (14). Trains A and B were seeded with a sample collected from Lake Austin in Austin, TX, and trains C and D were seeded with an enriched nitrifier culture initially dominated by Nitrosomonas oligotropha (N. oligotropha enrichment, provided by D. R. Noguera, University of Wisconsin). The trains were fed 4 mg N/liter TOTNH 3 (sum of ammonia-nitrogen [NH 3 -N] and ammonium-nitrogen [NH 4 ϩ -N]). The three operational periods were based on influent THM concentrations as follows: period I, TCM-DBCM (50 g/liter TCM and 25 g/liter DBCM); period II, DBCM (25 g/liter DBCM); and period III, all THMs (15 g/liter each of TCM, DBCM, BDCM, and TBM). THM removals are summarized in Table 1 for each period; all biofilters removed THMs with removals ranging from 7 to 24% (Table 1).At the end of period II, backwash water was collected for batch kinetic tests conducted as described previously (16). Because backwash water may have contained extracellular material, attachment media, or nonnitrifying organisms, a biomassindependent analysis was required. To accomplish this, a previously described (16) simplified THM cometabolism model (equation 1) was used, as follows:( 1) where

show abstract

“…Biological removal of ammonia, iron and manganese from potable water was studied in a pilot-scale trickling filter [7], and the results show that the mean size of the gravel and, hence, the specific surface area plays a key role in optimal ammonia removal rates. In a full-scale GAC plant, the settlement of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) were monitored [14], and the result suggests that AOA may account for most of the ammonia oxidation. The performance of a full-scale groundwater filter with nitrification problems and another filter with complete nitrification and pretreatment by subsurface aeration was monitored over nine months, and by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the amoA gene of bacteria and archaea and activity measurements of ammonia oxidation, the water and filter sand samples got from systems were regularly evaluated [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic oxidation of high-concentration ammonia in groundwater by a naturally formed co-oxide filter film

Cao

Zhang

2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C TOperation of a sand filter system in treating groundwater produces a high concentration of ammonia (2-2.8 mg L À1 ), iron (0.9-2 mg L À1 ) and manganese (1.2-1.7 mg L À1 ), and on the surfaces of quartz sands, a co-oxide filter film is formed. The removal of ammonia in the filter before and after the treatment of film-coated sands at high temperature and pressure and the transformation of nitrogen in filter bed were studied. The morphology and chemical composition of film-coated sands were studied by SEM and EDS, respectively, and the structure of the film material was characterized by XRD. The specific area and pore properties of quartz sands before and after the formation of the filter film were studied by the BET method. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization was introduced to identify the chemsorb sites of dissolved oxygen and ammonia on the film surface. The results show that the film material consisting of iron and manganese oxides was amorphous; both specific area and pore volume of the sands got increased as the film was formed. Removal of ammonia in the filter was a catalytic oxidation process, and 90% of capacity of ammonia treatment was recovered in the 116 h operation after the film-coated sands got treated at high temperature and pressure, which was due to the restoration of the surface structure of the film. The dissolved oxygen was most possibly adsorbed on Mn atoms occurring as Mn 2 O 3 and MnO 2 , and the Fe atoms occurring as FeO while on the membrane surface, the Mn atoms in states of Mn 2 O 3 and MnO, and the Fe atoms in states of Fe 2 O 3 and FeO may be the chemsorb sites of ammonia.

show abstract

Predominance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea on granular activated carbon used in a full-scale advanced drinking water treatment plant

Cited by 84 publications

References 38 publications

The Bacterial Communities of Full-Scale Biologically Active, Granular Activated Carbon Filters Are Stable and Diverse and Potentially Contain Novel Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms

The Bacterial Communities of Full-Scale Biologically Active, Granular Activated Carbon Filters Are Stable and Diverse and Potentially Contain Novel Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms

Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Biofilters Removing Trihalomethanes Are Related to Nitrosomonas oligotropha

Catalytic oxidation of high-concentration ammonia in groundwater by a naturally formed co-oxide filter film

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About