Predominant 45,X,-Y karyotype in donor cells after allogeneic BMT: Cytogenetic and molecular analysis

Transient donor cell‐derived myelodysplastic syndrome with monosomy 7 after unrelated cord blood transplantation

“…DCL is an extremely rare event, mostly reported as single cases (1–7, 17, 18). MDS in transplanted donor cells appears to occur even less frequently, with only scanty cases found in the literature (8–16). The clinical course of these patients is variable.…”

“…Donor cell leukaemia (DCL) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are extremely rare, but real, complications that have been observed not only after haematopoietic transplantation with progenitor cells harvested from bone marrow and peripheral blood, but also after cord blood transplantation (1–18). Mechanisms involved in DCL might include occult leukaemia in the donor or genetic predisposition to malignancies, impaired immune surveillance, stromal abnormalities, and transformation of donor cells in the course of engraftment by altered signals of the host tissues, and fusion of donor cells with residual leukaemic cells resulting in the acquisition of oncogenes (6, 7).…”

Donor cell myelodysplastic syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation responding to donor lymphocyte infusion: Case report and literature review

“…Both patients developed MDS-like disease. The first patient remained stable in chimeric status, while the other patient developed graft rejection and died [8]. Okamoto and colleagues described three patients (with aplastic anemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia) who developed cytopenia and dysplastic changes within 100 days of allogeneic SCT.…”

Myelodysplastic syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges

“…(39, 40) Combined, 84 cases of DCL and donor-cell MDS have been reported. (34, 35, 38, 41–47) Donor-cell MDS appears to be less common than DCL, with only 21 cases previously reported (34, 35, 44, 45, 47–57) with several additional cases of DCL arising from an antecedent MDS phase. (35, 44, 50, 58–64) Prior cases of donor-cell MDS have been reported after alloHSCT for hematologic malignancies and bone marrow failure syndromes.…”

“…Importantly in this regard, in 72% (18 of 25) of reported cases of donor-cell MDS or DCL with likely antecedent donor-cell MDS, transplantation was performed for diagnoses other than AML or MDS. (34, 35) Chimerism analysis serves as the primary method by which donor-cell MDS can be distinguished from relapse of host origin. The various methods and indications for use include XY-FISH (in case of sex-mismatched HSCT) and different molecular methods including PCR for variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs: repeats of 10–100 base pairs) or short tandem repeats (STRs) (repeats of 2–6 base pairs), real-time PCR for donor/recipient specific polymorphisms, or restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP).…”