Predominant Gram-Positive Bacteria in Human Feces: Numbers, Variety, and Persistence

Gossling, Jennifer; Slack, John M.

doi:10.1128/iai.9.4.719-729.1974

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the present study, the numbers and incidence of B. adolescentis and E. aerofaciens were lower in the Canadians than in the Japanese. It has been demonstrated that there is a low incidence of B. adolescentis and E. aerofacines in high-risk populations (15,34,37). A high incidence of Bifidobacterium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Fecal Microflora in Rural Japanese and Urban Canadians

Benno

Suzuki

et al. 1986

Microbiology and Immunology

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The fecal microflora of nine rural healthy Japanese and eight urban healthy Canadians was examined. The two populations ate typical Japanese and western diets, respectively. The numbers of eubacteria (P<0.01), bifidobacteria (P<0.05), bacilli (P<0.01), lactobacilli and veillonellae and the frequency of occurrence of bifidobacteria were higher in the Japanese than in the Canadians. Higher numbers of bacteroides and lecithinase‐negative Clostridia were found in the Canadians. Twenty‐three genera and over 75 species or biovars were isolated from the feces of Japanese and 18 genera and over 66 species or biovars from the Canadians. The numbers of Bacteroides vulgatus (P<0.05), Clostridium coccides (P<0.001), and C. tertium (P<0.05) and the incidence of B. uniformis (P<0.01), C. innocuum (P<0.05), and Bacillus spp. (P<0.01) were significantly lower in the Japanese than in the Canadians. In contrast, the numbers of Eubacterium aerofaciens (P<0.001), and the incidence of Bifidobacterium adolescentis biovar b (P<0.01) and Bacillus subtilis (P<0.01) were significantly higher in the Japanese than in the Canadians. These findings suggest that significant reductions in anaerobic grampositive bacilli and increased numbers of bacteroides and Clostridia in the feces were induced by the intake of a western diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Fecal Microflora in Rural Japanese and Urban Canadians

Benno

Suzuki

et al. 1986

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Fecal flora consists of a heterogenous population of possibly as many as 400 different species of anaerobic bacteria (8). In fecal suspensions, each species is present in low concentrations of <3% (7). This heterogeneity was reflected in the large CV of the FSC distributions within a sample, compared to pure cultures.…”

Section: Size Of Anaerobic Fecal Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human colon harbors about 10l1 bacteria per gram contents. It is important to realize that over 99.9% of the colonic microflora consists of a stable ecosystem of possibly as many as 400 different species of anaerobic bacteria in a characteristic individual composition (7,8,15). This composition may be influenced by IgA that is secreted in large amounts into the intestinal lumen.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Culturing and identifying anaerobic bacteria by biochemical properties are very time consuming. Moreover, for immunological studies, culture of bacteria may change their antigenic expression and harbors the danger of a bias towards easily culturable bacteria (5,7,12,19,20). Therefore, we aimed to examine noncultured human 'Address reprint requests to L.A. van der Waaij, MD, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academisch Ziekenhuis Groningen, Oostersingel 59, 9713 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands.…”

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Direct flow cytometry of anaerobic bacteria in human feces

et al. 1994

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We describe a flow cytometry method for analysis of noncultured anaerobic bacteria present in human fecal suspensions. Nonbacterial fecal compounds, bacterial fragments, and large aggregates could be discriminated from bacteria by staining with propidium iodide (PI) and setting a discriminator on PI fluorescence and by exclusion of events with large forward scatter. Since anaerobic bacteria, which account for over 99.9% of all fecal bacteria, die during sample preparation, a fixation step was not necessary.A second aim of this study was to investigate the technical possibility of measurement of in vivo IgA coating of fecal anaerobic bacteria as well as their bacterial size. Fecal samples of 22 healthy human volunteers were analyzed. The fluorescence distribution of IgA-coated bacteria labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITCbanti-Hu-IgA had overlap with noncoated bacteria. However, with match region subtraction, detection of low levels of specific FITC fluorescence on IgA-coated bacteria was achieved. The median bacterial two-dimensional surface area was 1.0 pm2. To validate flow cytometry data, all samples were analyzed with an image analysis system as well. With this new method, a rapid evaluation of fecal flora with high sensitivity for specific FITC fluorescence is possible without culturing. Q

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“…One of the most prominent groups of butyrateproducing organisms in the gut is the cluster XIVa clostridia, exemplified by one of their most abundant members, Eubacterium rectale. This Gram positive organism has long been recognized as a dominant species in the human gut (Gossling and Slack, 1974) and a core member of the healthy microbiome (Tap et al, 2009). E. rectale decreases in abundance in a number of disease states, including obesity (Haro et al, 2016), inflammatory bowel disease (Kang et al, 2010;Rajilic-Stojanovic et al, 2013), diabetes (Qin et al, 2012) and cystic fibrosis (Bruzzese et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel carbohydrate binding modules in the surface anchored α‐amylase of Eubacterium rectale provide a molecular rationale for the range of starches used by this organism in the human gut

Cockburn

Suh

Medina

et al. 2017

Molecular Microbiology

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Gut bacteria recognize accessible glycan substrates within a complex environment. Carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) of cell surface glycoside hydrolases often drive binding to the target substrate. Eubacterium rectale, an important butyrate-producing organism in the gut, consumes a limited range of substrates, including starch. Host consumption of resistant starch increases the abundance of E. rectale in the intestine, likely because it successfully captures the products of resistant starch degradation by other bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that the cell wall anchored starch-degrading α-amylase, Amy13K of E. rectale harbors five CBMs that all target starch with differing specificities. Intriguingly these CBMs efficiently bind to both regular and high amylose corn starch (a type of resistant starch), but have almost no affinity for potato starch (another type of resistant starch). Removal of these CBMs from Amy13K reduces the activity level of the enzyme toward corn starches by ∼40-fold, down to the level of activity toward potato starch, suggesting that the CBMs facilitate activity on corn starch and allow its utilization in vivo. The specificity of the Amy13K CBMs provides a molecular rationale for why E. rectale is able to only use certain starch types without the aid of other organisms.

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Predominant Gram-Positive Bacteria in Human Feces: Numbers, Variety, and Persistence

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

Comparison of the Fecal Microflora in Rural Japanese and Urban Canadians

Comparison of the Fecal Microflora in Rural Japanese and Urban Canadians

Direct flow cytometry of anaerobic bacteria in human feces

Novel carbohydrate binding modules in the surface anchored α‐amylase of Eubacterium rectale provide a molecular rationale for the range of starches used by this organism in the human gut

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